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CHAPTER 5: PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION, THE MOTORCOACH INDUSTRY - Coggle…
CHAPTER 5:
PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION
INTRODUCTION
As tourism increases, the demand on transportations increase too
Passenger Transportation's type used in Tourism:
Air Transportation
Charter, Private, Scheduled Transports
Road Transportation
Bus, Auto, Motorbike
Rental, Charter, Privately own
Rail Transportation
Private, Commercial
Water Transportation
Private, Commercial, Scheduled
Others such as by foot
Bicycle, Horse drawn vehicles
Tourism and
transportation are inextricably linked. (impossible not to be together)
Challenges in Travel Transportation planner:
Congestion
Delays that are serious waste of time and energy
Safety and Security
Planners need to ensure the safety and security of the passengers as well as the transportation
Environment
Transportation planning must take economic, social, cultural, and natural resources costs into account when expanded facilities are designed.
Seasonality
Seasonal patterns of travel demand create overcrowding at certain times
AIRLINE INDUSTRY
Low-Cost Carrier (LCC)
Offer low fares by
Eliminates many traditional passenger services
Typical business practices:
1 passenger class
1 type plane
Uses secondary airports
Unreserved seats
-Internet booking
Point-to-point service
Deregulation, Alliances and Consolidation
Airline Deregulation: A piece of legislation in the United States that removed restrictions on the airline industry
(Airline Deregulation Act of 1978)
(
https://www.wealthsimple.com/en-us/learn/what-is-deregulation
)
Airline Alliance: an agreement between a group of airlines to cooperate.
Main alliances:
Star Alliance
Sky Team
Oneworld
Airline Consolidation: An airline consolidator is a wholesaler of airline tickets.
Alliances allow airlines to market flights to more destinations and offer connections to passengers.
Predictions
-Current US mid 20th century replaced with 21st century satellite-based GPS-oriented smart
technology.
Most planes will on biofuels in 10 yrs.
Increasing fees for unbundled services.
Some LCC will merge and start flying internationally.
Air Transport Association of America (ATA)
Mission
To support & assist its member carriers by
promoting aviation safety, advocating industry positions, conducting designated industrywide programs, ensuring public understanding
Major Priorities(Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies, 12th Edition, pg104-105)
Assist the airline industry in providing the world's safest system of transportation
Improve industry's ability to attract capital
Advocate the modernization of the Federal Aviation Administration's air traffic control system
Malaysia Airline Industry
Examples of airlines in Malaysia;
Malaysia Airline Berhad (MAB)
AirAsia
Malindo Air
:
Firefly
Malaysian Aviation Commission (MAVCOM)
Regulation of economic and commercial matters within civil aviation industry
Cover the administration and allocation of air traffic rights to airlines
https://www.mavcom.my/en/industry/
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
A trade association of the world's airlines
Setting technical standards for airlines (3 letters code)
E.g in Malaysia:
https://www.prokerala.com/travel/airports/malaysia/
Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA)
KUL
Kota Kinabalu International Airport (KKIA)
BKI
Penang International Airport
PEN
Langkawi International Airport
LGK
Kuching Airport
KCH
Sandakan Airport
SDK
THE AUTOMOBILE
Recreational vehicles (RV)
There are currently 8.3 million RVs on the road in the United States, enjoyed by some 30 million enthusiasts.
RVs are also used as houses.
Slide-outs are available in a wide variety of RVs: motor homes, mini-motor-homes, travel trailers, fifth-wheel trailers, and even folding camping trailers.
experiencing significant growth, and strong demand has encouraged hundreds of businesses to enter the rental market.
Highways and Scenic Byways
According to the Federal Highway Administration, the United States has 4 million miles of roads, and approximately 51,500 have been designated as or are potential scenic byways.
In Malaysia
:
30 expressways (1821 km)
PLUS Malaysia Berhad
KESAS
Elite Highway
LPT 2 Sdn Bhd
Rental cars
It also has substantial vacation use and frequent combination-trip use.
Many of the auto rental systems are international and have services in virtually every tourist destination area in the world.
We often see rental cars in the airport.
In Malaysia:
Socar rental
Avis Malaysia
Suria Car Rental & Tour
Taxi & Limousine services
Streetcars, trolleys, inclines, and aerial trams serve as a form of taxi service and are of a special interest to visitors in scenic tourist destination areas as a form of recreation and sightseeing.
to promote and advance industry professionalism, the common interests of members, and the use of limousines.
It monitors legislation; sponsors seminars on safety, regulatory issues, and management; compiles statistics; and offers insurance plans.
In Malaysia:
Blue Cab Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur Taxi Service Sdn Bhd
Silver Cab Sdn Bhd
Oil companies
A very important stake in automobile tourism.
Some companies have organized motor clubs, such as the Amoco Motor Club, which provides travel information and routing services for its members, among other services.
Automobile Clubs Organization
The American Automobile Association (AAA)
is the world’s largest single-membership travel group.
It also operates worldwide travel services similar to those provided by a travel agency or tour company.
nonmembers who are brought into the club office through the travel service become prospective new members in the automobile club.
An organization of wider geographic membership is the World Touring and Automobile Organization, with headquarters in London, England.
Examples of other organizations:
International Road Federation of Washington, D.C.
the Pan American Highway Congress
Inter-American Federation of Touring and Automobile Clubs, Buenos Aires
the International Automobile Federation, with headquarters in Paris.
THE RAIL INDUSTRY
Amtrak
BACKGROUND
marketing name for the National Railroad Passenger Corporation
provides rail passenger transportation in the major intercity markets of the U.S.
OPERATION
serves over 500 destinations in 46 states
3 Canadian provinces on its 21,000-mile route system
carried over 27.1 million intercity passengers
employs over 19k people
LAW ACT
Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 (ARRA) sets objectives for Amtrak as America's passenger rail service provider
AWARD
the White House announced the award of $8 billion in ARRA capital grants to 31 states in 2010
will be invested in routes and services of Amtrak's system in the future
SPECIALTIES
provides energy-efficient & environmentally friendly service
serves almost half of the combined air-rail market between end points of NY and Washington D.C.
provides high-speed rail service traveling at 150mph
High-Speed Rail
Japan
Shinkansen (bullet train) with speed 210km/h was launched in 1964
Today, Japan has trains running at 300km/h & most heavily traveled network
Japan's speed record = 443km/h
France & Europe
France's speed record = 574.8km/h
has most developed high-speed network; streamlined design, underfloor transaction systems, tilting technology
limitation: problems occur at tracks on which they run and the different systems that the countries have
China
The Shanghai Maglev Train connects Shanghai & Pu Dong International Airport
imported from Germany
has an operational speed at 430 km/h
has an aggressive high-speed rail program
opened several high-speed rail lines between major cities
became world's largest high-speed rail network
Train Travel as a Tourist Attraction
provide a romantic & intriguing way to spend a holoday
Top tourist trains:
Palace on Wheels in India
Blue Train in South Africa
Glacier Express in Switzerland
Orient Express in France & Austria
Copper Canyon in Mexico
Rail Transport in Malaysia
Consists of:
heavy rail (including commuter rail)
light rapid transit (LRT)
mass rapid transit (MRT)
monorail
airport rail links (ERL)
funicular railway line (cable car rail system)
LRT
MRT
ERL
MONORAIL
COMMUTER
CABLE CAR
railway network covers most of the 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia
only Sabah has railways in East Malaysia
railway network also connected to Thai railway
OTHER MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
Pedestrian Travel
(Walking)
Tourism planners must make pedestrian travel as a part of their development plans.
Example:
Good: The walking paths by the river in Brisbane, Australia.
A good planning that
benefiting both tourist and locals with an attractive, safe, integrated transportation scheme.
Walking in Cairo, Egypt, or Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, is considered as a challenge.
Example in Malaysia
George Town Heritage Walks.
KK (Kota Kinabalu) Free Walking Tour.
Melaka Heritage Trail.
People depend on their feet as a primary mode of travel.
It is crucial in making pedestrian environment and the walking surface are welcoming and safe.
Cycling
Example:
The park for the Kroller-Muller Museum (famous for its Van Gogh paintings).
Practicable for cycling around the park.
Has more than a thousand fleet of free-to-use white bicycles.
They reduces bus and auto traffic in the park and allows tourists a convenient way to see all the sights.
The Hoge Veluwe National Park in Holland.
Has paths for cars,
bicycles, and walkers.
More than 27 miles of paths specifically designed for bicycling.
Example in Malaysia
George Town, Penang.
Langkawi, Kedah.
Melaka Heritage Trail.
A number of
companies feature biking tours.
Others
Trams, cable cars, gondolas, and ski lifts.
They are important to specific resorts and destinations.
They facilitate the flow of tourists and in many cases
bring them to places that would otherwise be inaccessible.
They can be tourist attractions
themselves.
Example in Malaysia
Trishaw
THE CRUISE INDUSTRIES
Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) states that cruising is currently the fastest-growing
segment of the travel industry
Cruise lines are expanding their fleets and adding new amenities and new ports of
call.
The cruise industry’s performance and satisfaction are the pacesetter for the rest of the travel
industry.
Embarkation Ports
The process of loading a passenger ship or an airplane with passengers or military personnel, related to and overlapping with individual boarding on aircraft and ships.
Examples of Ports:
Ports within the state of Florida serve as home for the majority of the U.S.-based cruise industry.
Miami - claims the titled "Cruise Capital of the World"
Ports in Fort Lauderdale, Tampa, and Port
Canaveral
New York City & Boston
West Coast of the United States, both Los Angeles and San
Diego.
San Francisco and Seattle
San Juan, Puerto Rico, a U.S. territory
Alaska’s Inside Passage.
Security
The cruise industry’s highest priority is to ensure the security and safety of its passengers and crew.
CLIA works closely with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), which now houses the U.S.
To maintain shipboard security, The industries compliance with all U.S. and internationa maritime as are :
Coast Guard
Customs and Border Protection
Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement,
Transportation Security Administration
-Etc.
Consolidation
Consolidation in the travel industry is rampant in the cruise sector as
well.
Fierce competition between companies :
Carnival Corporation, the world’s largest cruise company, recently acquired Princess Cruises, and
already owned Cunard, Costa, Holland America, Windstar, and Seabourn.
Royal Caribbean International (RCI) is the second-largest player and recently acquired Celebrity Cruises.
Disney now is in the cruise business and is
adding a new ship.
River cruise
River cruising also experienced rapid growth over the past decade, especially
in Europe, where the number of passengers has more than quadrupled.
Smaller and carrying around 100-150 passengers, generally travel only by day, and have offshore visits to cities and sites of cultural or historical
More like tour than a cruise.
Competitive advantage over bus trips
Popular river cruise destinations :
Egypt on the Nile - in China on the Yangtze - in Brazil on the Amazon - In Russia between St. Petersburg and Moscow - In the Ukraine on the Dnieper River - in Europe on the Rhine, Danube, Main, Seine, Rhone and Elbe.
Cruise Lines International Association
Cruise Lines International Association, Inc. is a marketing and promotional trade organization made up
of 25 of the major cruise lines serving North America, representing more than 200 ships
Today, CLIA exists to promote all measures that foster a safe, secure, and healthy cruise ship environment; educate; train its agent members; and promote and explain the value, desirability, and affordability of the cruise vacation experience.
Best cruise in Malaysia
Genting Dream Cruise
Costa Fortune
Norwegian Spirit
Royal Caribbean
SuperStar Aquarius
Sarawak River Cruise
Star Clipper
Main Port in Malaysia
Port Klang
Johor Port
Port of Tanjung Pelepas
Kuantan Port
Penang Port
Bintulu Port
Kemaman Port
GROUP MEMBERS:
ALINA BT MOHD AMIRUDDIN (2019853364)
AMIRAH SYAHIRAH BT AZHAR (2019496288)
GLORIA AJJULUS (2019892052)
MAISARAH BT HERMAN (2019406148)
NADA NASUHA BT ABDUL RAHMAN (2019643386)
NURUL KHAIRUNNISA BT KHAIRUDIN (2019267786)
SITI KHADIJAH BT MD NOR AZAM (2019643652)
THE MOTORCOACH INDUSTRY
Regular/Route/ Scheduled Bus Service
i. Greyhound
Lines, Inc.
also provides Greyhound Courier Express package
delivery service to its various Canadian locations
has interline partnerships with a number of independent bus lines across
the United States.
nationwide bus carrier for regular intercity route service
serves > 2,300
destinations with 13,000 daily departures
ii. MyRapid
Owned by Prasarana Malaysia Berhad
owns and operates the country’s urban rail services that include three LRT
networks and the KL Monorail, in addition to operating the MRT line
also owns and operates the stage bus services in Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Penang, Perak and Pahang
provides the connectivity to residential, industrial areas and commercial centres in Greater Kuala Lumpur and Selangor; covering 177 routes and an average daily ridership of 332,000 passengers
The intercity bus service is the most energyefficient passenger transportation mode
Charters and Tours
give passengers time to see & experience sights
hence, sales of tours and charters continue to be popular all over the world
top three activities for bus charters are theater shows, gaming/casinos, and sightseeing
range in size from 19 to 85 seats so that all
types of travel groups can be served to all types of destinations
group tours provide stress-free, worry-free travel
Trends
Today’s luxury vehicles have:
WiFi, flat-screen DVDs, iPod1 hook-ups, reclining seats, and air
conditioning,
are among the safest and cleanest modes of transportation available.
Motorcoach Organizations
American Bus Association (ABA) is the national organization
over 35,000 commercial motorcoaches
in use for charters, tours, regular route service, and special operations in North America
represents approximately 1,000 motorcoach and tour companies in the United States and Canada
members operate charter, tour, regular route,
airport express, special operations, and contract services (commuter, school, transit)
Motorcoaches were driven about 1.8 billion miles, with the average bus traveling
51,868 miles, and half of the passengers are senior citizens and students
United Motorcoach Association (UMA)
founded as the United Bus Owners of America in
1971
trade association with more than 1,000 motorcoach company members and motorcoach
industry manufacturers, suppliers, and vendors spread across North America
member: broad variety of charter motorcoach services
other member: legislative, regulatory, and business needs of its member companies
Land Public Transport Agency (APAD)
an agency under the Ministry of Transport Malaysia
planning and defining land-based public transport policies, programs and strategies
includes determining policies and planning rail, bus and taxi services and transporting goods through rails and roads.
What this agency do:
Planning power - Establishing a Master Plan to ensure a comprehensive, integrated and sustainable infrastructure development.
Regulatory power - Monitoring and regulating standard of performance of the industry’s operators through licensing.
link passengers arriving and departing through airports, train stations, and seaports with
their final home, work, and tourism destinations.
