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Research Question: How does praise effect performance? _111398978…

- - - - Researcher made comment about weather (control group)
      - Researcher praised participant on appearance (task-unrelated)
      - Researcher praised participant on game performance (task-related)
  - - - praise groups did WORSE on trials following praise than control group
      - praise groups same as each other
      - NO EFFECT SIZE GIVEN & NO POST HOC TESTS
      - Conclusion: Supports H1a that any kind of praise (task-related or unrelated) affects performance - self-focus DOES affect performance
        
        E3 Research Question: Does this happen when the task does not require skill?
      - p < .01: The odds of this variability ratio occurring by chance is 1%
      - F = 4.87 is a ratio that indicates that for every 1 unit of variability due to "error" 4.87 units are due to the independent variable.
      - Degrees of freedom are 2 (3 groups - 1) and 59 (N = 62 - 3 groups)
- - - - Results: one-sample t-test
        
        Performance dropped by 5.62% on trials immediately following praise compared to average performance.
        
        One-sample t-test used to compare mean % change in performance following praise against mean of "0"
        
        Test statistic:
        t(41) = 2.32, p < .05
        
        Degrees of Freedom = 41: experiment had 42 participants degrees of freedom for a one-sample t-test is n-1 (42-1)
        
        T = 2.32: A performance change of -5.62% is 2.32 standard error units away from the null hypothesis mean of 0
        
        p value < .05: the odds of a 5.62% change in performance being due to "error" is less than 5%
        
        NO EFFECT SIZE GIVEN
        
        Conclusions: Praise reduces performance at a skill, perhaps resulting from becoming self-focused
        
        E2 research question: Does self-focus (any praise) reduce skill performance OR is it only task relevant praise that does this?
- - - - researcher praised manual dexterity (task-related)
      - researcher made general comment (control group)
  - - - NO EFFECT SIZE GIVEN
      - praise group did BETTER on trial after praise than control
      - Conclusion: Supports H1 that praise affects performance; performance also affected differently than a skill-based task (E2)
      - Degrees of freedom are 1 (2 groups - 1) and 26 (N = 26 - 2 groups)
      - F = 18.7 is a ratio that indicates that for every 1 unit of variability due to "error" 18.7 units are due to the independent variable.
      - p < .001: The odds of this variability ratio occurring by chance is less than 0.1%