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(The Range of Suffering, The Causes of Suffering, Cutting Off the Causes…

- - - - dukka appears in events and reactions like birth, death, sorrow and fear
    - - Realms of torment
      - animal realm
      - human realm
      - realms of celestial bliss
- - - - Aversion
        
        response of negation expressed as rejection, irritation, hatred, anger and violence (causes of suffering)
      - Delusion
        
        mental darkness; thick coat of insensitivity which blocks out clear understanding (causes of suffering)
      - Greed
        
        desire for pleasure and possessions, drive for survival and the urger to boost ego with power, status and prestige (causes of suffering)
- - - - we need wisdom that is gained through cultivation
  - - - Buddah describes these pleasures as low, common and not leading to goals (cutting off the causes of suffering)
    - - gaining liberation by afflicting the body
    - - transcends both extremes by avoids the errors they involve