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Community Ecology, certain flowers provide nectar, the bees will choose…

- - - - Some choose to consume from all species present and others just consume one type
    - - the decision of the predator to attack a species once it has been encountered
      - the probability that an attack will be successful
      - the probability of the prey being encountered
  - - - even though species have different niches they still overlap with other niches
    - - exploitation competition
        
        occurs when species consume a shared resource making it less available for the other species
      - interference competition
        
        one species restricts another species' access to the resources even though the first species might not be using it
    - - the first is that two competing species can coexist in a community if each interferes with itself more than it interferes with the other
      - the second is that two species can coexist if one or the other can increase from low density even in the presence of the other
  - - - if the resources present are enough for the prey to increase in numbers they will grow
        
        Predators will have plenty to choose from and will increase as well
      - prey may not have enough resources such as sunlight or space to grow and numbers decrease
        
        Predators will not have enough food to support population and decrease in their numbers as well
  - - - one species of plant is found more desirable to herbivores and thus they eat and deplete this species
        
        while this takes place another species of plant is increasing in its numbers due to the lack of predatory activity
- - - - larger areas are more diverse than smaller ones
        
        Not only as far as species but as well as the environment such as soil, elevation, etc.
        
        larger areas also have a greater population to look at than smaller ones
        
        relationship between the area and species richness in them is called the species-area relationship
  - - - areas farther north have fewer species (lower diversity) than areas farther south
        
        Geographical and geological components
        
        these factors play a role such as the low diversity in the southern hemisphere due to higher latitude
        
        Antarctica is covered in ice and snow and the only place that isn't is along the coast where only 2 species survive
        
        regions high in the mountains where latitude is higher as well as elevation make it hard for species to survive as well
        
        one theory is that areas south near the equator have benign environments where as the northern environments have more harsh and severe conditions
        
        Near the equator it is tropical and temperatures are always warm, rain fall is abundant and freezing temperatures are only found on top of mountains
        
        As latitude increases the temperatures decrease making it cold and frigid, with little sunlight and snow and ice covering the ground
        
        Only adapted species are able to live and survive here
- - - - pollen and nectar provide insect food and in return they pollinate the flower which is needs
    - - beavers build dams which creates ponds that help plants but doesnt really help beavers at all
- - - - some patches are occupied by the species whereas other suitable patches are not
      - empty patches will become colonized by migration from occupied patches
      - region of the environment is composed of many discrete patches in which the species can live
      - populations within individual patches have a probability of going extinct within that patch