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LEARNING THEORIES - Coggle Diagram
LEARNING THEORIES
BEHAVIORISM
View of Knowledge
:pen:Classical conditioning
:check:A technique frequently used in behavioral training in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus.
:pen:Operant conditioning
:check:An association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.
View of Learning
:checkered_flag:Classical conditioning
:pencil2:The neutral stimulus comes to evoke the same response as the naturally occurring stimulus, even without the naturally occurring stimulus presenting itself.
:checkered_flag:Operant conditioning
:pencil2:When a desirable result follows an action, the behavior becomes more likely to occur again in the future.
:pencil2:Responses followed by adverse outcomes, on the other hand, become less likely to happen again in the future.
The Expert
:silhouette: Ivan Pavlov
:star:Classical conditioning process works by developing an association between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
:star:Dogs associated the presentation of food (something that naturally and automatically triggers a salivation response) with the sound of a bell, at first, and then the sight of a lab assistant's white coat. Eventually, the lab coat alone elicited a salivation response from the dogs.
:silhouette:B.F. Skinner
:star:Described operant conditioning as the process in which learning can occur through reinforcement and punishment.
Example
:<3:If a parent rewards their child with praise every time they pick up their toys, the desired behavior is consistently reinforced. As a result, the child will become more likely to clean up messes.
COGNITIVISM
Example
:<3:The best way for a teacher to approach using cognitivism in the classroom is to ask questions to help students refine their thinking and recognize where they may be wrong.
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View of Learning
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:lock:Students are not considered anymore as recipients that teachers fill with knowledge, but as active participants in the learning.
:lock:Learners use various strategies to process and construct their personal understanding of the content to which they are exposed.
View of Knowledge
:unlock:Mental processes such as thinking, memory, knowing, and problem-solving need to be explored.
:unlock:Cognitivism uses the metaphor of the mind as computer: information comes in, is being processed, and leads to certain outcomes.
:unlock:Knowledge can be seen as schema or symbolic mental constructions and learning is defined as change in a learner’s schemata.
CONSTRUCTIVISM
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View of Learning
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:smiley:Information may be passively received, but understanding cannot be, for it must come from making meaningful connections between prior knowledge, new knowledge, and the processes involved in learning.
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View of Knowledge
:explode:Constructivism is an approach to learning that holds that people actively construct or make their own knowledge and that reality is determined by the experiences of the learner.
:explode:Human learning is constructed, that learners build new knowledge upon the foundation of previous learning.