Writing Task 2

Overview

Understand & Analyze Question

Think Like an Examiner

Planning

Introduction

Main Body

Conclusion

Opinion

Discussion

5 Step Approach

1. Question Analysis

2. Planning

3. Introduction
2-3 sentences

4. Main Body Paragraphs
3-5 sentences

5. Conclusion

Question types

Understand & Analyze question

Structures

Ideas, timing, structure, vocab & grammar, reduce stress

Paraphrase question

Give opinion & outline main points

Organize essay making it easier to read

2 separate paragraphs

Main ideas

Support our opinion

Explanations

Examples

Summary of main points

Reiterate opinion

5 Question Types

Affect

  • Structure
  • Language
  • Confidence
  • Planning
  • How you answer the question

Opinion

Discussion

Problems/Causes & Solutions

Advantages & Disadvantages

Double Question

Question Analysis

Topic

Keywords

Instruction words

4 Criteria

Task Response

  • Answer the question
  • Answer all parts of the question
  • Make your position clear & support it with relevant, well developed ideas

Dos

  • Answer the specific question
  • Ideas are relevant
  • Fully address each part of the question
  • State opinion in the introduction and use the supporting paragraphs to support this opinion
  • Reiterate opinion in conclusion
  • Develop main ideas with explanations and examples

Coherence & Cohesion

  • Clear and easy to understand
  • Logically organize information
  • Link ideas, sentences and paragraphs together

Lexical Resource

  • Express meaning both accurately and precisely, using words that are both appropriate and accurate
  • Use a range of vocabulary
  • Use topic-specific words accurately

Grammatical Range & Accuracy

  • Produce complex sentences
  • Use a range of grammatical structures
  • Produce error-free sentences

Don'ts

  • Spend lots of time on just one part of the question
  • General examples
  • Leave opinion until the last sentence
  • Repeat the same points over and over

Dos

Use 4 paragraph structure

Outline main ideas and opinion in the intro

Clear topic sentences in supporting paragraphs

Use cohesive devices appropriately and accurately

Don'ts

Include background statement in the introduction

Have lots of ideas in one paragraph

Use cohesive devices at the start of every sentence

Use cohesive devices inaccurately

Dos

Be careful with spelling & grammar

Be aware of collocations

Use less-common words

Use topic specific words

Follow the 100% rule

Don'ts

Repeat the same words again and again

Force complex words into your essay without knowing them 100%

Use synonyms that are wrong

Learn lists of academic words out of context

Dos

Try to write as many error-free sentences as possible

Use complex sentences

Use a variety of structures

Check work when writing and at the end

Follow the 100% rule

Don'ts

Try to use as many different structures as possible

Try to impress the examiner with complex grammar

Write sentence that stop meaning being conveyed

It's a writing not a grammar and vocabulary test

Goal is to convey meaning clearly

4 Stages

Question Analysis

Ideas generation

Structure Planning

Vocabulary

Brainstorming

Mind-mapping

6 questions method

Examples method

Coffee shop method

Ask very specific questions
Who? / What? / Why? / Where? / How? / When?

Ask yourself direct question

Personal experience

Newspaper reports

Surveys

NOT start writing until organized ideas into a structure

Thinking of different ways of expressing keywords

Easier to think of them when focus on them vs exam

Biggest mistake - repeating the same words over and over again

Spend 1-2 minutes to think of synonyms for keywords

Common mistakes

Long general background statements

No opinion or outline of main ideas

Copying the question

Why Important ?

First impression

Avoiding stress and panic

Task response

Coherence and cohesion

Focus (mini-plan)

Structure
2 sentences
40-60 words

Paraphrase the question

Synonyms

Different forms of the same word

Rearrange the clauses

Examples

Outline of your main points

Your opinion

Common Mistakes

  • Too many ideas
  • Undeveloped ideas
  • No explanations or examples
  • Firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally

Why important?

  • 70-80% of your essay
  • Make your opinion clear throughout the whole essay
  • Fully address all parts of the task
  • Present a fully developed position, with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas

Structure

Topic Sentence

Explanation Sentence

Example

Short clear statement about what the paragraph is about

Often directly answer the question

Not much detail

Makes your main ideas clear

Pretend writing to sb with no knowledge of the subject

Clearly explain

  • what your topic sentence means
  • how it answer the question
  • what the result is

Useful language

  • As a result
  • Therefore
  • This is because
  • The reason is that
  • That is to say
  • In other words

How to think of examples

  • Make them up
  • Just make sure they're believable

Double Question

Personal stories

Real examples

Statistic

News stories

Surveys

Academic studies

Common mistakes

Why important?

Structure

1 sentence

New ideas

Trying to be entertaining

Being to vague

Repeating exactly the same thing

Using the wrong cohesive devices

The last thing the examiner reads

Show the examiner that you can summarise

Opinion is clear the whole way through

Makes essay cohesive and coherent

Cohesive devices

  • In conclusion,
  • To conclude,

Summary of main points

Opinion

Quick cheat
Paraphrase the introduction

Optional
Recommendation or Prediction

Common mistakes

Band 9 Checklist

Not giving your opinion

Leaving opinion until the conclusion

Discussing someone else's opinion

Discussing both sides of the argument

Clear opinion in the intro

Think of two main points supporting your opinion

Develop these main points with explanations and examples

Provide some balance with a concession statement

Short conclusion summarizing main points and reiterating your opinion

Common mistakes

Structure

Not giving your opinion

Not discussing both sides

Giving much more attention to one side than the other

Band 9 Checklist

Clear opinion in the intro

Think of two main points supporting each side of the argument

Decide whether you agree or disagree with each side

Support each side with explanations and examples

Short conclusion summarizing main points and reiterating your opinion

Intro

  • Paraphrase question
  • Outline both sides and give opinion

Negative viewpoint

  • Topic sentence
  • Explain why
  • Example
  • State if you agree or not

Positive viewpoint

  • Topic sentence
  • Explain why
  • Example
  • State if you agree or not

Conclusion

  • Summarize main points and give opinion
  • Prediction or Recommendation (opt)

Structure

Intro

  • Paraphrase question
  • Give opinion & outline main points

Supporting Paragraph 1

  • Topic sentence
  • Explanations
  • Example
  • Concession sentence (opt)

Supporting Paragraph 2

  • Topic sentence
  • Explanations
  • Example
  • Concession sentence (opt)

Conclusion

  • Summary
  • Opinion
  • Prediction / Recommendation (opt)

Problems/Causes & Solutions

Common mistakes

Getting confused between problems & causes

Not linking problems and solutions together

Not developing main ideas or listing too many ideas

Structure

Intro

  • Paraphrase question
  • Briefly state what problems and solutions are

Problem/Cause

  • State problem
  • Explain
  • Results
  • Example

Solution

  • State Solution
  • Explain
  • Example

Conclusion

  • Summarize main points and give opinion

Band 9 Checklist

State answer to question in introduction

Have at least one relevant problem/cause and a linked solution

Decide whether you agree or disagree with each side

Develop the above fully with explanations and examples

Short conclusion summarizing main points

Answering like an opinion or discussion question

Advantages & Disadvantages

Common mistakes

Getting confused between problems & causes

Not linking problems and solutions together

Not developing main ideas or listing too many ideas

Answering like an opinion or discussion question

Band 9 Checklist

State answer to question in introduction

Have at least one relevant problem/cause and a linked solution

Decide whether you agree or disagree with each side

Develop the above fully with explanations and examples

Short conclusion summarizing main points

Question

Discuss and give opinion

Discuss

Outweigh

Use discussion structure

Common mistakes

Not answering both questions in the intro

Focusing on just one of the questions

Trying to answer it like an opinion question

Trying to answer it like an discussion question

Band 9 Checklist

A clear opinion in the intro for both questions

Have a separate supporting paragraph for each question

Fully develop main ideas in each supporting paragraph

Paragraphs should be relatively equal

Short conclusion summarizing main points and reiterating opinion for both question

Do not give opinion

Structure

Intro

  • Paraphrase question
  • Directly answer both question

Supporting Paragraph 1

  • Topic sentence
  • Explanations
  • Example

Supporting Paragraph 2

  • Topic sentence
  • Explanations
  • Example

Conclusion

  • Summary for both question
  • Prediction / Recommendation (opt)

Review

  • Article usage (a/an/the/ zero article)
  • Singular / plural / countable / uncountable forms
  • Prepositions
  • Punctuation
  • Subject-verb agreements
  • Spelling mistakes
  • Word class / word formation issues
  • Word order / missing words issues

PARAPHRASE

NOT just about Meaning but how the word can be used

Linking devices

  • Don't use like (inf)
  • use such as / namely / including
  • To illustrate, / To give a clear example,

For example, a recent study published in Scientific America magazine predicted that the rising price of oil energy and the falling price of solar energy would meet in 2020.

A statistic was recently released stating that there simply not enough steel in the world to build cars for all of China and India's adults.

As evidenced in the United States,

The British Medical Association found that

This has proven particularly effective in Ireland, the first country to introduce a nationwide ban, where people have to leave a bar or restaurant and smoke outside.

For example, it was shown in a recent study by Queen’s University that students who won something in sports before they reached the age of 14 were 42% more likely to go on to third-level education than those who did not.

For example, a recent study showed that 62% of working mothers prefer a member of their immediate family to provide care when they are working.

For instance, a recent government survey of childcare centres in the UK reported that about 80% of their employees have some form of professional training related to their jobs.

This was illustrated in a recent New York Times article that highlighted the brutal working hours and intense pressure on Amazon employees to hit their targets.

For example, a recent study by a UK children’s charity found that children who worked part-time were less likely to achieve higher grades than those who did not.

I personally worked in a bar at the weekends from the ages of 15-18 and it taught me how to interact with people and did not affect my academic performance.

For example, it is estimated by Green Peace that up to 13,000 tonnes of CO2 are released into the atmosphere every year by planes carrying foodstuffs from tropical countries.

For instance, The New York Times recently reported that the majority of people who continue to work in unsatisfying jobs do so because they fear the uncertainties that accompany finding a new job.

For instance, a survey carried out at the University of Tokyo found that students who stayed in one-bedroom accommodation were 37% more likely to go out in the evenings than those who lived in shared accommodation.

Synonyms
(careful)

Word order

Word formation

Antonyms

welcome = not reject

Think outside the box

more and more people are going to other countries = the number of people choosing to move abroad has increased substantially

If you cannot think of a way to paraphrase within 10-20 seconds, just use the original wording

visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behavior = local customs and characteristics should be followed by tourists when they go to other countries

cultural differences = a variety of cultures

Use discussion structure