Overview
Understand & Analyze Question
Think Like an Examiner
Planning
Introduction
Main Body
Conclusion
Opinion
Discussion
5 Step Approach
1. Question Analysis
2. Planning
3. Introduction
2-3 sentences
4. Main Body Paragraphs
3-5 sentences
5. Conclusion
Question types
Understand & Analyze question
Structures
Ideas, timing, structure, vocab & grammar, reduce stress
Paraphrase question
Give opinion & outline main points
Organize essay making it easier to read
2 separate paragraphs
Main ideas
Support our opinion
Explanations
Examples
Summary of main points
Reiterate opinion
5 Question Types
Affect
- Structure
- Language
- Confidence
- Planning
- How you answer the question
Opinion
Discussion
Problems/Causes & Solutions
Advantages & Disadvantages
Double Question
Question Analysis
Topic
Keywords
Instruction words
4 Criteria
Task Response
- Answer the question
- Answer all parts of the question
- Make your position clear & support it with relevant, well developed ideas
Dos
- Answer the specific question
- Ideas are relevant
- Fully address each part of the question
- State opinion in the introduction and use the supporting paragraphs to support this opinion
- Reiterate opinion in conclusion
- Develop main ideas with explanations and examples
Coherence & Cohesion
- Clear and easy to understand
- Logically organize information
- Link ideas, sentences and paragraphs together
Lexical Resource
- Express meaning both accurately and precisely, using words that are both appropriate and accurate
- Use a range of vocabulary
- Use topic-specific words accurately
Grammatical Range & Accuracy
- Produce complex sentences
- Use a range of grammatical structures
- Produce error-free sentences
Don'ts
- Spend lots of time on just one part of the question
- General examples
- Leave opinion until the last sentence
- Repeat the same points over and over
Dos
Use 4 paragraph structure
Outline main ideas and opinion in the intro
Clear topic sentences in supporting paragraphs
Use cohesive devices appropriately and accurately
Don'ts
Include background statement in the introduction
Have lots of ideas in one paragraph
Use cohesive devices at the start of every sentence
Use cohesive devices inaccurately
Dos
Be careful with spelling & grammar
Be aware of collocations
Use less-common words
Use topic specific words
Follow the 100% rule
Don'ts
Repeat the same words again and again
Force complex words into your essay without knowing them 100%
Use synonyms that are wrong
Learn lists of academic words out of context
Dos
Try to write as many error-free sentences as possible
Use complex sentences
Use a variety of structures
Check work when writing and at the end
Follow the 100% rule
Don'ts
Try to use as many different structures as possible
Try to impress the examiner with complex grammar
Write sentence that stop meaning being conveyed
It's a writing not a grammar and vocabulary test
Goal is to convey meaning clearly
4 Stages
Question Analysis
Ideas generation
Structure Planning
Vocabulary
Brainstorming
Mind-mapping
6 questions method
Examples method
Coffee shop method
Ask very specific questions
Who? / What? / Why? / Where? / How? / When?
Ask yourself direct question
Personal experience
Newspaper reports
Surveys
NOT start writing until organized ideas into a structure
Thinking of different ways of expressing keywords
Easier to think of them when focus on them vs exam
Biggest mistake - repeating the same words over and over again
Spend 1-2 minutes to think of synonyms for keywords
Common mistakes
Long general background statements
No opinion or outline of main ideas
Copying the question
Why Important ?
First impression
Avoiding stress and panic
Task response
Coherence and cohesion
Focus (mini-plan)
Structure
2 sentences
40-60 words
Paraphrase the question
Synonyms
Different forms of the same word
Rearrange the clauses
Examples
Outline of your main points
Your opinion
Common Mistakes
- Too many ideas
- Undeveloped ideas
- No explanations or examples
- Firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally
Why important?
- 70-80% of your essay
- Make your opinion clear throughout the whole essay
- Fully address all parts of the task
- Present a fully developed position, with relevant, fully extended and well supported ideas
Structure
Topic Sentence
Explanation Sentence
Example
Short clear statement about what the paragraph is about
Often directly answer the question
Not much detail
Makes your main ideas clear
Pretend writing to sb with no knowledge of the subject
Clearly explain
- what your topic sentence means
- how it answer the question
- what the result is
Useful language
- As a result
- Therefore
- This is because
- The reason is that
- That is to say
- In other words
How to think of examples
- Make them up
- Just make sure they're believable
Double Question
Personal stories
Real examples
Statistic
News stories
Surveys
Academic studies
Common mistakes
Why important?
Structure
1 sentence
New ideas
Trying to be entertaining
Being to vague
Repeating exactly the same thing
Using the wrong cohesive devices
The last thing the examiner reads
Show the examiner that you can summarise
Opinion is clear the whole way through
Makes essay cohesive and coherent
Cohesive devices
- In conclusion,
- To conclude,
Summary of main points
Opinion
Quick cheat
Paraphrase the introduction
Optional
Recommendation or Prediction
Common mistakes
Band 9 Checklist
Not giving your opinion
Leaving opinion until the conclusion
Discussing someone else's opinion
Discussing both sides of the argument
Clear opinion in the intro
Think of two main points supporting your opinion
Develop these main points with explanations and examples
Provide some balance with a concession statement
Short conclusion summarizing main points and reiterating your opinion
Common mistakes
Structure
Not giving your opinion
Not discussing both sides
Giving much more attention to one side than the other
Band 9 Checklist
Clear opinion in the intro
Think of two main points supporting each side of the argument
Decide whether you agree or disagree with each side
Support each side with explanations and examples
Short conclusion summarizing main points and reiterating your opinion
Intro
- Paraphrase question
- Outline both sides and give opinion
Negative viewpoint
- Topic sentence
- Explain why
- Example
- State if you agree or not
Positive viewpoint
- Topic sentence
- Explain why
- Example
- State if you agree or not
Conclusion
- Summarize main points and give opinion
- Prediction or Recommendation (opt)
Structure
Intro
- Paraphrase question
- Give opinion & outline main points
Supporting Paragraph 1
- Topic sentence
- Explanations
- Example
- Concession sentence (opt)
Supporting Paragraph 2
- Topic sentence
- Explanations
- Example
- Concession sentence (opt)
Conclusion
- Summary
- Opinion
- Prediction / Recommendation (opt)
Problems/Causes & Solutions
Common mistakes
Getting confused between problems & causes
Not linking problems and solutions together
Not developing main ideas or listing too many ideas
Structure
Intro
- Paraphrase question
- Briefly state what problems and solutions are
Problem/Cause
- State problem
- Explain
- Results
- Example
Solution
- State Solution
- Explain
- Example
Conclusion
- Summarize main points and give opinion
Band 9 Checklist
State answer to question in introduction
Have at least one relevant problem/cause and a linked solution
Decide whether you agree or disagree with each side
Develop the above fully with explanations and examples
Short conclusion summarizing main points
Answering like an opinion or discussion question
Advantages & Disadvantages
Common mistakes
Getting confused between problems & causes
Not linking problems and solutions together
Not developing main ideas or listing too many ideas
Answering like an opinion or discussion question
Band 9 Checklist
State answer to question in introduction
Have at least one relevant problem/cause and a linked solution
Decide whether you agree or disagree with each side
Develop the above fully with explanations and examples
Short conclusion summarizing main points
Question
Discuss and give opinion
Discuss
Outweigh
Use discussion structure
Common mistakes
Not answering both questions in the intro
Focusing on just one of the questions
Trying to answer it like an opinion question
Trying to answer it like an discussion question
Band 9 Checklist
A clear opinion in the intro for both questions
Have a separate supporting paragraph for each question
Fully develop main ideas in each supporting paragraph
Paragraphs should be relatively equal
Short conclusion summarizing main points and reiterating opinion for both question
Do not give opinion
Structure
Intro
- Paraphrase question
- Directly answer both question
Supporting Paragraph 1
- Topic sentence
- Explanations
- Example
Supporting Paragraph 2
- Topic sentence
- Explanations
- Example
Conclusion
- Summary for both question
- Prediction / Recommendation (opt)
Review
- Article usage (a/an/the/ zero article)
- Singular / plural / countable / uncountable forms
- Prepositions
- Punctuation
- Subject-verb agreements
- Spelling mistakes
- Word class / word formation issues
- Word order / missing words issues
PARAPHRASE
NOT just about Meaning but how the word can be used
Linking devices
- Don't use like (inf)
- use such as / namely / including
- To illustrate, / To give a clear example,
For example, a recent study published in Scientific America magazine predicted that the rising price of oil energy and the falling price of solar energy would meet in 2020.
A statistic was recently released stating that there simply not enough steel in the world to build cars for all of China and India's adults.
As evidenced in the United States,
The British Medical Association found that
This has proven particularly effective in Ireland, the first country to introduce a nationwide ban, where people have to leave a bar or restaurant and smoke outside.
For example, it was shown in a recent study by Queen’s University that students who won something in sports before they reached the age of 14 were 42% more likely to go on to third-level education than those who did not.
For example, a recent study showed that 62% of working mothers prefer a member of their immediate family to provide care when they are working.
For instance, a recent government survey of childcare centres in the UK reported that about 80% of their employees have some form of professional training related to their jobs.
This was illustrated in a recent New York Times article that highlighted the brutal working hours and intense pressure on Amazon employees to hit their targets.
For example, a recent study by a UK children’s charity found that children who worked part-time were less likely to achieve higher grades than those who did not.
I personally worked in a bar at the weekends from the ages of 15-18 and it taught me how to interact with people and did not affect my academic performance.
For example, it is estimated by Green Peace that up to 13,000 tonnes of CO2 are released into the atmosphere every year by planes carrying foodstuffs from tropical countries.
For instance, The New York Times recently reported that the majority of people who continue to work in unsatisfying jobs do so because they fear the uncertainties that accompany finding a new job.
For instance, a survey carried out at the University of Tokyo found that students who stayed in one-bedroom accommodation were 37% more likely to go out in the evenings than those who lived in shared accommodation.
Synonyms
(careful)
Word order
Word formation
Antonyms
welcome = not reject
Think outside the box
more and more people are going to other countries = the number of people choosing to move abroad has increased substantially
If you cannot think of a way to paraphrase within 10-20 seconds, just use the original wording
visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behavior = local customs and characteristics should be followed by tourists when they go to other countries
cultural differences = a variety of cultures
Use discussion structure