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Writing Task 2, Review, PARAPHRASE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Synonyms
      - Different forms of the same word
      - Rearrange the clauses
      - Examples
      - NOT just about Meaning but how the word can be used
- - - - Short clear statement about what the paragraph is about
      - Often directly answer the question
      - Not much detail
      - Makes your main ideas clear
    - - Pretend writing to sb with no knowledge of the subject
      - Clearly explain
        
        what your topic sentence means
        
        how it answer the question
        
        what the result is
      - Useful language
        
        As a result
        
        Therefore
        
        This is because
        
        The reason is that
        
        That is to say
        
        In other words
    - - How to think of examples
        
        Make them up
        
        Just make sure they're believable
      - Personal stories
        
        I personally worked in a bar at the weekends from the ages of 15-18 and it taught me how to interact with people and did not affect my academic performance.
      - Real examples
        
        As evidenced in the United States,
        
        This has proven particularly effective in Ireland, the first country to introduce a nationwide ban, where people have to leave a bar or restaurant and smoke outside.
      - Statistic
        
        A statistic was recently released stating that there simply not enough steel in the world to build cars for all of China and India's adults.
        
        For example, it is estimated by Green Peace that up to 13,000 tonnes of CO2 are released into the atmosphere every year by planes carrying foodstuffs from tropical countries.
      - News stories
        
        The British Medical Association found that
        
        This was illustrated in a recent New York Times article that highlighted the brutal working hours and intense pressure on Amazon employees to hit their targets.
        
        For instance, The New York Times recently reported that the majority of people who continue to work in unsatisfying jobs do so because they fear the uncertainties that accompany finding a new job.
      - Surveys
        
        For instance, a recent government survey of childcare centres in the UK reported that about 80% of their employees have some form of professional training related to their jobs.
      - Academic studies
        
        For example, a recent study published in Scientific America magazine predicted that the rising price of oil energy and the falling price of solar energy would meet in 2020.
        
        For example, it was shown in a recent study by Queen’s University that students who won something in sports before they reached the age of 14 were 42% more likely to go on to third-level education than those who did not.
        
        For example, a recent study showed that 62% of working mothers prefer a member of their immediate family to provide care when they are working.
        
        For example, a recent study by a UK children’s charity found that children who worked part-time were less likely to achieve higher grades than those who did not.
        
        For instance, a survey carried out at the University of Tokyo found that students who stayed in one-bedroom accommodation were 37% more likely to go out in the evenings than those who lived in shared accommodation.
      - Linking devices
        
        Don't use like (inf)
        
        use such as / namely / including
        
        To illustrate, / To give a clear example,
- - - - Use discussion structure
    - - Do not give opinion
    - - Use discussion structure
- - - - Question types
      - Understand & Analyze question
      - Structures
    - - Ideas, timing, structure, vocab & grammar, reduce stress
    - - Paraphrase question
      - Give opinion & outline main points
      - Organize essay making it easier to read
    - - 2 separate paragraphs
      - Main ideas
      - Support our opinion
      - Explanations
      - Examples
    - - Summary of main points
      - Reiterate opinion
- - - - Dos
        
        Answer the specific question
        
        Ideas are relevant
        
        Fully address each part of the question
        
        State opinion in the introduction and use the supporting paragraphs to support this opinion
        
        Reiterate opinion in conclusion
        
        Develop main ideas with explanations and examples
      - Don'ts
        
        Spend lots of time on just one part of the question
        
        General examples
        
        Leave opinion until the last sentence
        
        Repeat the same points over and over
    - - Dos
        
        Use 4 paragraph structure
        
        Outline main ideas and opinion in the intro
        
        Clear topic sentences in supporting paragraphs
        
        Use cohesive devices appropriately and accurately
      - Don'ts
        
        Include background statement in the introduction
        
        Have lots of ideas in one paragraph
        
        Use cohesive devices at the start of every sentence
        
        Use cohesive devices inaccurately
    - - Dos
        
        Be careful with spelling & grammar
        
        Be aware of collocations
        
        Use less-common words
        
        Use topic specific words
        
        Follow the 100% rule
      - Don'ts
        
        Repeat the same words again and again
        
        Force complex words into your essay without knowing them 100%
        
        Use synonyms that are wrong
        
        Learn lists of academic words out of context
    - - Dos
        
        Try to write as many error-free sentences as possible
        
        Use complex sentences
        
        Use a variety of structures
        
        Check work when writing and at the end
        
        Follow the 100% rule
      - Don'ts
        
        Try to use as many different structures as possible
        
        Try to impress the examiner with complex grammar
        
        Write sentence that stop meaning being conveyed
      - It's a writing not a grammar and vocabulary test
      - Goal is to convey meaning clearly
- - - - Brainstorming
      - Mind-mapping
      - 6 questions method
        
        Ask very specific questions
        Who? / What? / Why? / Where? / How? / When?
      - Examples method
        
        Personal experience
        
        Newspaper reports
        
        Surveys
      - Coffee shop method
        
        Ask yourself direct question
    - - NOT start writing until organized ideas into a structure
    - - Thinking of different ways of expressing keywords
      - Easier to think of them when focus on them vs exam
      - Biggest mistake - repeating the same words over and over again
      - Spend 1-2 minutes to think of synonyms for keywords