LEARNING THEORY
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BEHAVIORISM
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to train learners to complete instructional objectives that are presented to them.
The focus of behavioral learning theory resides in the use of reinforcement to drive behavior
focuses on the importance of the consequences of those performances and contends that responses that are followed by reinformances are more likely to recur in the future
frequency of observable performance
a systematic approach to understanding the behaviour of human and other animals.
behaviorism emphasizes behaviour change based on the principle of stimulus and response.
- operant conditioning is used to reinforce behavior. For example, a teacher might give a gift to a student who performed well on a test, or punish a student who did not function properly by giving him or her a detention.
the learnes needs reinforcements to keep interest.
stimuli are effective in controlling behaviour.
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B.F Skinner- operant conditioning is a controlled response with a reward/ punishment system according tp the behaviour.
ivan pavlov- classical conditioning is when an unconditional stimulas and response is manipulated with a conditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response.
COGNITIVISM
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do not require an outward exhibition of learning,but focus more on the internal process and connections that take place during learning.
made an impact on the field of education with the formation of strategies to enhance the storage and retrieval of data from memory
focuses on how to store and retrieve information.
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tends to focus on conceptualizing the student's learning process.
learning easier and new information can be stored in the memory for a long time.
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- the learner as an active participants in the process of knowledge acquistion and integration.
- this theory describes knowledge acquistion as a mental activity involving internal coding and structuring by the learner.
- learning as an active process
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CONSTRUCTIVISM
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lev vygotsky- child concept development develops systematically, logically and rationally with the help and guidance of others
jean piaget- the ability to manage information and knowledge occurs in stages
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From this perspective, a teacher acts as a facilitator of learning rather than an instructor
human learning is constructed, that learners build new knowledge upon the foundation of previous learning.
- emphasis is placed on how cognitive structure constructs and organizes knowledge.
- approach to learning that holds that people actively construct or make their own knowledge and that reality is determined by the experiences of the learner
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Knowledge will be shared between teachers and students.
Teachers and students will share authority.
Learning is interactive, building on what the student already knows.
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jean piaget- Emphasis on the process of child development of thinking
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lev Vygotsky- cognitive development is influenced by social and cultural environmental factors.
Edward Lee Thorndike- how success and failure affect the behavior of organisms
- the learner through experience