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LEARNING THEORIES - Coggle Diagram
LEARNING THEORIES
COGNITIVISM
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Learning theory of psychology that attempts to explain human behavior by understanding the thought processes
Relatively recent learning theory and its features are not well known or are confused with constructivism by teachers.
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LIST THE SCHOLAR/ EXPERT
Edward Chase Tolman- usually considered a pioneer in initiating the
cognitive movement
German Gestalt- psychologists were instrumental in engendering the drammatic shift from behaviorism to cognitive theories
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LIST THEORY INFORM INSTRUCTION
Ask questions to determine what students’ current
schemata might be.
Provide a relevant context for learning in order to
activate an existing schema.
Develop and apply techniques for students to use to impose structure on what they learn and thus make it more memorable, such as the use of imformation mapping or advance organizer
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LIST VIEW OF LEARNING
According to one's personal experiences
Philosophical and theoretical basis
Cognitive apprenticeship, reciprocal teaching, anchored instruction, inquiry learning, discovery learning, and problem-based learning
BEHAVIORISM
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LIST VIEW OF LEARNING
That humans are born with a few reflexes and emotional reactions such as those of love and rage
Learning as the acquisition or reorganisation of cognitive structures through which human beings process and store information
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Behaviour is what people say and do
Behaviourism concentrates on the study of overt behaviours that can be observed and measured
Behaviourists believe that all theories should have observable processes such as actions
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Ivan Pavlov- Come out with the experiment (Pavlov' Dog)
Thorndike- Thorndike’s application of "methods of exact science"
Watson-his "accurate quantitative treatment of information".
J.B Watson & B.F Skinner- focus on observable, quantiflable events and behavior.
:star: LIST THEORY INFORM INSTRUCTION
Give praise for student in class
Give gifts to good students
Impose fines on troubled students
CONSTRUCTIVISM
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The theory that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences
Viewed differently by different philosophers and psychologists
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Jean piaget- argues that people produce knowledge and form meaning based upon their experiences
Lev & Vygotsky- believed that knowledge leads to further cognitive development
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Preparing students for tests and don’t foster deep learning
According to one's personal experiences
:check: LIST THEORY INFORM INSTRUCTION
Story telling
Probing questions
Scaffolding