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HLWE2301 Video 10.1 - 10.4 (Climate Change) - Coggle Diagram
HLWE2301 Video 10.1 - 10.4 (Climate Change)
International
UNFCC (UN Framework Convetion on Climate Change)
Stabilize emissions
Allow ecosystems to adapt
Don't threaten food production
Sustainable economic development
Developed countries lead the way
Bigger polluters
Annex 1
OECD
"Transitional" economies
Support less developed countries
Technology
Finance
Loans
Global Environment Facility
Kyoto Protocol
Emissions Targets
Monitoring
Precise records
Developed countries more responsible
"Common but differentiated responsibilities"
Doha (Qatar) Amendment
Annex 1 countries
New commitments
Amendments
Revised list of GHGs
Paris Agreement
Binds all nations
Enhanced support for developing countries
Target of 2 degrees above pre-industry
Transparency
NDC (Nationally Determined Contributions)
Regular reports
Commitment to reduce emissions
Domestic mitigation measures
South Africa Policy on Climate Change
NDC
Peak
Years 2020-2025
398-614 Megatons Per Year
Plateau
2025-2035
Decline
"overriding priorities to eliminate poverty and eradicate inequality"
"acute energy challenges that hamper economic development"
Equitable contribution?
CAT (Climate Action Tracker) says no
Emissions too much, too fast
Integrated Resource Plan (IRP)
Delays?
Heavy reliance on coal
Policy documents
1998 Energy White Paper
Supply
Consumption
Renewables?
"Equitable level"
Compared to other energy supply options
1998 Renewable Energy White Paper
Diversity of supply
Integrated electrification plan
1 more item...
Government development support
3 more items...
Climate change one factor
Progress not evaluated properly
National Climate Change Response Strategy 2004
International strategy = quantification
Reduce vulnerability
Economic effects
Development
Physical Effects
GHG Mitigation
Air Quality Legislation
Government cooperate internally
National info system
Long-term mitigation scenarios 2008
Long-term policy
Climate negotiations
Limits
VS Growth without constraints
VS Required by science
30-40% reduction of 2003 by 2050
Economic instruments
Carbon taxes
Energy incentives
Renewables
Solar water heating
Bio-fuels
National climate change response green paper 2010
Fair contribution
GHG
Protect people
Unavoidable climate change
"Climate constraint"
Air quality?
Industrial control
Appliance labelling
Integrated Energy Plan 2003
Supply / demand
Cost
Coal cheap + abundant
"Clean coal"?
Externalities
Mining
Health
Water
Climate
Renewable energy
IRP Electricity 2009
New Generation Capacity
More renewables
Medupi + Kusile
IRP 2010-2030
"Living plan'
IRP 2019
Decommission of old power stations
Still heavy on coal
Increase renewables
South African Law Relating to Climate Change
Section 24 of Constitution
NEMA Principles
Legislation
Draft Climate Change Bill 2018
Carbon Tax Act 2019
Tax GHGs
Incentives + allowances
Too costly for economy?
Too slow?
Direct sources of emissions
Fuels
Refineries
Mining
Large-scale manufacturing
National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act 2004
GHGs
Priority pollutants
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Hydro-fluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons (PFC)
Sulfur Hexafluoride
Pollution prevention regulations 2017
Prevention Plans
Submitted to Minster of DEFF
Specified activities
GHGs
Description of processes
GHGs generated
Monitoring methodology
Evaluate progress towards reduction
Mitigation measures
Progress reports
Submitted to Minster
GHG reporting regulations 2017
Single system
Applies to GHG from Annex 1 Activities
Maintain GHG Inventory
Meet international obligations
Formulate policy
Annexure A polluting activities
Coal mining
Refining etc.
Iron and Steel Production