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LEARNING THEORIES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Operant conditioning operates on the principle that behaviour may result either in reinforcement, which increases the likelihood of that behaviour to be repeated or punishment, which decreases the likelihood of the same behaviour to be repeated in future.
        
        Operant conditioning mechanisms involve Skinner's concepts such as 'positive reinforcement' or ‘reward', ‘negative reinforcement', 'extinction' or 'non-reinforcement' and 'punishment'.
    - - . Here when the dog is conditioned to associate the bell with food, a different unconditioned stimulus can be presented at the same time as the conditioned bell. This later enables the dog to salivate at the new unconditioned stimulus alone
        
        this showed that the dog can differentiate between which bell would result in the presentation of food and which would not.
        
        The dog knows how to react when it hear the bell's ring.
        
        under ''spontaneous recovery", he states that extinguished responses can be recovered but can be extinguished again if the dog is not presented with food.
- - - - scheme is a structure of mental that formed through the interaction with environment
        
        this is included with two process which is asimilation and accommodation
        
        this theory also have 4 stage of developments from 0-2 years old
  - - - teachers ask the student about last week lessons to know if the student still remember about it or not
        
        always do a quiz or task at the end of the lessons or final year exam so that the students will keep the information in a long term memory
        
        students are asked to think out loud about how they performed the task
- - - - a lot of princple that can be use by teachers according to this theory
        
        has 6 parts which is
        
        assumptions
        
        the role of language
        
        basic processes
        
        inner speech
        
        Zone of proximal development
        
        scaffolding
        
        children actually learn language, problem solving techniques and memory strategies by interacting with parents or knowledgeable members in a society.
        
        ZPD - is used to help the students to gets an effective learning
        
        gap between what a person can achieve individually and what he or she has the potential to achieve if assisted by a more skilled person or adult.