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Learning Theories (by Ilyamaisarah; 147582) - Coggle Diagram
Learning Theories (by Ilyamaisarah; 147582)
1) Behaviourism :
scholar:
Ivan Pavlov-stimulus & response
Thorndike- Trial and error
B.F.Skinner-reward
Watson-natural stimulus
View of knowledge:
Classical conditioning (Ivan Pavlov)
Stimulus & response is manipulated with a conditioned stimulus to create conditioned response.
“knowledge is action, or at least rules for action” (Skinner 1976, p152). It is a set of passive, largely mechanical responses to stimuli.
Operant conditioning B.F. Skinner)
Controlled response with a reward/punishment system according to the behavior
view of learning:
Learner needs reinforcements to keep interest
Stimuli are effective in controlling behavior
learning is the transmission of the response appropriate to stimuli.
Learners take an active role in their environment – learning by doing, trial & error.
Responses are not innate – they are the result of our experiences.
Inform instruction
Reinforcement/reward enhance students to focus in classes.
Teachers can set up objectives and effective way in teaching their students according to their response in the class.
Can build an effective classroom environment
2) Cognitivisme
scholar
Jean Piaget
Lev Vygotsky
Jerome Bruner
German Gestalt
Edward Chase Tolman
View of knowledge
Information processing (how information is retrieved & stored)
Attained through rehearsel & consistency of using that infos
Retention strategies: -breaking down infos, compare it to long term sorage
input
sensory register
short term memory
long term memory
View of Learning
The learner is viewed as a system processor
Knowledge can be seen as schema or symbolic mental constructions
learning is defined as change in a learner's schemata.
Inform Instruction
Help teachers to measure students ability and their level of knowledges
Help teachers to plan and build activities for critical thinking techniques
Ease the teachers to measure, evaluate, test and assess the students in suitable ways
3) Constructivism
Scholar:
Jean Piaget
view of learning
Learner constructs knowledge based on their past experiences.
Learner may collaborate with others to organize their ideas
View of knowledge
problem solving is at the heart of learning, thinking, and development.
Piaget proposed four stages in human development: the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational stage, and the formal operational stage.
the development of human intellect proceeds through adaptation and organization.
Adaptation is a process of assimilation and accommodation,
external events are assimilated into existing understanding, but unfamiliar events, which don't fit with existing knowledge, are accommodated into the mind, thereby changing its organization.
Inform Instruction:
Teachers only act as facilitators-
encourage students to explore within a given framework