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LEARNING THEORIES - Coggle Diagram
LEARNING THEORIES
View of learning
- Assumes a learner is passive, responding to environmental stimuli. Learning is defined as a a change in behavior in the learner.
Scholar / expert
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- Pavlov's most famous experiment involved a dog, food and a bell.
- Operant conditioning mechanisms
- Involve Skinnerian concepts such as 'Positive reinforcement' or ‘reward', ‘negative reinforcement', 'extinction' or 'non-reinforcement' and 'punishment'.
- Stimuli-response associations through conditioning
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- An experiment involving a baby called Albert and a rat
View of knowledge
- Gained through behavior or reaction to stimuli
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- Can be observed and measured
- It should have observable processes such as actions
Inform instruction
- A learner behaviour can be changed based on the stimuli. Positive behavior enforced by positive reinforcement and negative behaviors changed by negative reinforcement.
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View of learning
- Defined as a change in the learners schemata
- Learning occurs through internal, cognitive processing of information and goal is to move knowledge from short-term to long-term memory
Scholar / expert
- The process of intellectual and cognitive development resembles a biological act, which requires adaptation to
environmental demands
- Having done a large number of experiments to explore the ways children think.
- Piaget argued that children do not passively
receive environmental stimulation
View of knowledge
- The human mind is valuable necessary for understanding how people learn. Knowledge can be seen as a schema or symbolic mental construction.
- Developing meaningful ways to assist the learners in efficient ways of coding, tranforming, storing and retrieving information
Inform instruction
- The mind is like a computer, when information comes in, it is processed and leads to certain outcomes as a result of thinking.
View of learning
- An active , contextualized process of costructing knowledge rather than acquiring it.
- Learners use sensory input and constructs meaning out of it.
Scholar / expert
- Vygotsky asserted that knowledge can’t be isolated from social and cultural context
- He views the origin of knowledge construction as being the social intersection of people, interactions that involve sharing, comparing, and debating among learners and mentor
View of knowledge
- Knowledge is constructed, not acquired
- Knowledge is actively constructed by learners and learners build off previous knowledge and experience.
Inform instruction
- Negotiate and have defferent interpretations. A learner is not a blank slate, but rather brings past experiences and cultural factors.
- Facilitators are teachers aiding in own understanding or learners outcomes and roles. Learners are moved to understand own conclusions.