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TOPIC 1: BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM, Different types of…
TOPIC 1: BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
The principles of sustainable tourism
operates within the natural capacities for the regeneration and future productivity and natural resources
recognises the contribution of people in the communities, customs and lifestyles linked to the tourism experience
accepts that people must have an equitable share in the economic benefits of tourism
The relationship between sustainable tourism & other terms
Responsible tourism
soft tourism
Alternative tourism
Ecotourism
Environmentally friendly tourism
minimum impact tourism
Aspects of sustainable tourism
The key stakeholders in sustainable tourism
The Host Community
Tourists
Voluntary Sector
Experts
Media
Pressure Groups
Governmental Bodies
Six types of environment
Coastal tourism
Tourism on islands
Tourism in the countryside
Mountain region tourism
Urban tourism
Marine tourism
In all 6 types of environment, the emphasis in relation to sustainable tourism is often on managing existing tourism demand in established destination, and balancing its negative and positive impacts
HIGHLY COMPATIBLE versus INCOMPATIBLE
HIGHLY COMPATIBLE
Ecotourism
Cultural tourism which involves visitors learning about the history & culture of the area
Urban attractions which provides new uses for derelict sites
Small-scale “agro-tourism” which brings income to farmers
Conservation holidays where tourists do conservation work during their vacations
INCOMPATIBLE
Mass market coastal tourism
Activity holidays which have a negative impact on the physical environment
Sex tourism
Hunting & fishing holidays – where the activity is unregulated
Visiting very fragile environment
Sustainable tourism and functional management
Marketing
raising & shaping tourist expectation
attracting tourists to already overcrowded destinations and/or areas with fragile environments
Human Resources
the recruitment of local or immigrant labour
training and education
management styles
Operations
purchasing policies
waste disposal
energy conservation
pollution
Finance
short-term views
longer-term financial planning
the impact of cost reduction measures on the environment, staff and the host community
The key issues in the sustainable tourism debate
Value judgments & the lack of factual evidence
Independent travel is more sustainable than package holiday tourism
Small-scale tourism is always better than mass tourism
Cultural tourism is more sustainable than hedonistic tourism
The Green tourist
Switching from the use of private cars to public transport for their holiday trips
Demonstrating against the environmental impacts of new theme parks
Insisting that hotels recycle their waste
ECOTOURISM
The desire the participants to learn more about their destination than the average tourist
The attempt to maximize contact with indigenous people
The small size of most groups
THE CONCEPT OF CARRYING CAPACITY
The concept of carrying capacity is a common one in the sustainable tourism literature
types of carrying capacity
Infrastructure capacity
Physical capacity
Environmental or ecological capacity
Economic capacity
Social capacity
Perceptual capacity
DE-MARKETING
This involves manipulating the marketing mix of ‘four P’s’ to discourage rather than attract tourist to visit destination which are thought to be over visited
Demand might be reduced by:
Raising prices
Only allowing a certain number of people into the tourist destination per day/week
Divert some demand from honey-pot destinations by using new products and prices to encourage repeat visitors to a country to visit other areas
Visitor management
Tourist education
Community involvement and local control
Role of public sector planning
Relationship between different key concepts and techniques in sustainable tourism
Different types of organizations in tourism
public sector bodies
national government
local government
Public sector bodies tend to be those which develop tourism strategies for destinations
one-person businesses
one-person businesses, and small and medium sized enterprises, are locally owned and have a long term commitment to the destination which is also their home area
private sector companies
Private sector organizations which are responsible for most of the tourism products which tourist buy
voluntary sector bodies;
trusts
societies
small and medium enterprises
Large companies that operate in more than one sector of tourism
Large organizations
, often based outside the destination, which is seen to be the villains in the sustainable tourism debate. They are accused of showing little long-term commitment to any destination for they can simply move elsewhere if things get difficult.
organizations which operates in their domestic market only
organizations which operates in foreign countries
Transnational enterprises
that sell their products in foreign countries must take into account sustainable tourism issues in each of these countries, not just in their own country (important for the future of the concept of sustainable tourism to recognize the growth in tourism of large-scale, transnational countries)
The key objectives
to maintain the quality of the environment while maximizing the economic benefits
this includes:
using resources sustainably
reducing overconsumption and waste
supporting local economies
training staff
LYDIA NOR AMYRA BINTI KAMALUDIN
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sustainable:
within the limits of our resources so that human needs can be met indefinitely