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Diseases lecture 2 - Coggle Diagram
Diseases lecture 2
Streptococcal respiratory diseases
S&S
pharyngitis
sore throat, difficulty swallowing, swollen lymph nodes, purulent abscesses covering tonsils
Complications
scarlet fever after 1-2 days of pharyngitis
streptococci releases toxins
trigger fever
rash begins on chest and spreads across body
tongue becomes red
pathogen and virulence factors
cause of bacterial pharyngitis, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever
group A streptococci (S. pyogenes)
Have # of structures, enzymes and toxins that allow them to survive as pathogens
M protein
Hyaluronic acid capsule
Streptokinases
pyrogenic toxins
streptolysins
Pathogenesis
occurs when normal, competing microbiota are missing, large inoculum is introduced
Epidemiology
Spread via respiratory droplets
occurs mostly in winter
1 person can spread enough bacteria to cause disease by coughing or sneezing within 5 ft radius.
Dx
serological testing
Tx
oral penicillin
Diphtheria
S&S
Sore throat, localized pain, fever, pharyngitis, blood clotting factor
Pathogen
Cause
corynebacterium diphtheriae (gram positive)
Virulence factors
C.diphtheriae
produces diphtheria toxins
prevents polypeptide synthesis and causes cell death (most potent toxin)
Pathogenesis and epidemiology
Spreads person to person via respiratory droplets or skin contact
symptomatic in immunocompromised
leading cause of death in unimmunized children
Dx
Based on presence of pseudomembrane a immunodeficient assay (Elek test)
Tx
Antitoxin and antibiotics
Prevention
immunizations