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Clubbing - Coggle Diagram
Clubbing
Symptoms
fingers and toes appear large, bulging and rounded
change in nail appearance
softening of the nails
soft nail bed
disappearance of the angle between nails and cuticles
nails that curve downwards
resembles the bottom round part of the spoon
pathophysiology
swelling of the terminal pharanx
subsequent loss on normal angles between nail and nail bed
periungual erythema and softening of nail bed
increase in the lovibond angles
the depth of the distal phalange increases
distal interphalangeal joint may become hyperextensible
Dignostic studies
blood test for FBC and electrolyte levels
electrocardiogram to asses heart function
arterial blood gas
pulmonary function test
abdominal imaging test i,e CT or ultrasound
treatment
anti inflammantory treatment
hormone replacement
pace maker implantation to improve cardiac function
defination
it is when your nails thicken and curve around your fingertips
Causes
liver disorder
low oxygen in the blood
cardiovascular disorder
pulmonary diseases
aids
heridity