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Speaking Language - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Sorry. I don't understand the question.
      - Could you repeat the question?
      - Sorry, I don't understand.
  - - - People have generally assumed that ... But from what we can see all around us today, this just isn't happening. The reverse is true, in fact.
    - - Although it's difficult to generalize about ... in the past without knowing details of the historical context, I would tend to assume that ...
  - - - I'm of the opinion that
      - If you ask me
      - As far as I'm concerned
      - From my point of view
      - As I see it
      - My personal view is
      - In my opinion
    - - I don't know. There are different/two ways of looking at it.
      - Depends
        
        It's a case by case situation
        
        It depends on the individual
      - There are pros and cons
      - I'm in two minds on this
      - Two views
        
        I can see the merit in both viewpoints
      - There are two arguments for and against this opinion
      - I haven't made up my mind on this topic
      - Unclear
        
        It's not black and white
        
        There's no definitive answer
    - - I would say so because it looks like
      - People tend to
      - Yes, it seems that
      - ... could be one of the reasons
      - It's often claimed that
      - Some would argue that
      - My experience suggest that
      - It appears to be
      - ... would seem to show that ...
    - - I mean, the amount of times that ...
      - How many times have you been ...
      - You know, ...
      - If you look at ...
      - I mean, I'm sure you've seen ...
      - I mean you could argue that ...
  - - - I suppose / guess
      - ... or something like that
    - - I mean
      - Trust me
      - Seriously
      - Actually
    - - Basically
      - At the end of the day
      - Clearly
  - - - by far
        
        Playing computer games is by far the most popular pastime for young people in my country
        
        def. (used with comparative or superlative adjectives or adverbs) by a great amount
      - nowhere near (far from)
        
        We're nowhere near perfect
      - nothing like
        
        There was nothing like as much information available 50 years ago
        
        There's nothing like it/that
      - significant
        
        a significant increase in
      - a million times
        
        Playing sport is a million times better than watching it.
      - vast
        
        There's a vast difference in how young and old people communicate.
      - far
        
        There's no comparison! Younger people are far more aware of environmental issues.
    - - roughly the same
        
        In my opinion, the proportion of people living in cities will stay roughly the same.
    - - slightly
        
        In my country, girls work slightly harder at school than boys.
      - marginally
        
        I feel that work-life balance is marginally worse these days than in the past.
  - - - anymore
        
        People don't tend to do this anymore
      - not as ... as it was
        
        Fishing is not as popular as it was in the past.
      - would .. but now
        
        People would have had an average of ten children per couple but now it's more like two or three.
      - didn't use to / used to ...
      - big / small difference in ... compared with the past
        
        There is a big difference in the average number of children that people have today compared with the past.
      - nowadays, ... / back then ...
      - It has definitely (not) changed
    - - still
  - - - soar/rise/grow/go up
    - - plummet/drop/fall/decline
  - - - when we're not sure about sth
      - show that we haven't finished speaking yet
    - - show that we're sure about sth
      - when we're enthusiastic
      - show that we have finished what we're saying
  - - - The quantity has increased but I'm not sure about the quality!
    - - But then, I don't know, who's to say, you know there's no harm in trivia.
      - def. used to say that something might happen or might have happened in a particular way, because nobody really knows
    - - def. used when you are saying that something is still not certain
      - I think it's a difficult one but I think that the jury's still out on that
  - - - That's a difficult one to answer because ... there seems to be ...
    - - In fact, I think, right, that there should be ... Yeah, I don't know.
      - I just think with ...
    - - I think it takes a lot of ... but probably ...
    - - So I think that kind of ... is important
  - - - Another could be ...
      - Secondly,
      - As well as ..
      - Not only ... but also ...
      - Furthermore
    - - including / such as
      - Take the example of ...
        
        Take the example of Tokyo which encourages businesses to build gardens on top of their skyscrapers to reduce intense heat and air pollution.
      - This is exemplified by ...
        
        This is exemplified by the case of tigers in India.
  - - - Circus animals should be rescued, and circus owners should be // imprisoned.
      - Function - used to give power to important words or ideas
    - - The necklace was old // and even in the darkness // you could see the jewels shine.
      - Function - separates groups of words for comprehension and to give the speaker time to think and breathe
    - - Chess may seem like a gentle, peaceful hobby. // However, //
      - Function - can signal a change in the talk
    - - // the crashing waves, // the sound of seabirds, // the smell of the salty air, //
      - Function - to imagine the sound, sight, smell, touch or taste of the object
    - - e.g. Can you guess what I did next? // Well, I decided to jump.
      - Function - to create expectation about what is coming next
    - - Last year, air pollution causes 4.2 million deaths //
      - Function - give the listener a chance to process the speaker's infor, message or meaning
  - - - The vast majority of people
      - I’d say that’s true for most people
      - For many people,
      - In many instances
      - In general
    - - A limited number of countries
      - In a few cases,
- - - - once in a blue moon
    - - once in a while
      - now and again
      - now and then
    - - by and large/
        in general
        
        In general/By and large, women do not earn as much as men.
      - for the most part
        
        Women are, for the most part, still paid less than men.
      - tend to
        
        Most senior management posts tend to be held by men.
      - general speaking
        
        Generally speaking, jobs traditionally done by women are paid at a lower rate than those traditionally done by men.
      - generally
        
        Women generally earn less than men.
      - mainly
        
        Certain jobs, like nursing and cleaning, are still mainly carried out by women.