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Cells are the building blocks of life, image, image, image, image, image,…
Cells are the building blocks of life
Cell theory
Scientific descoveries
Matthias schneiden studied plants and spotted that all plants are made from cells that all have a nucleus
Theodor Schwann realized that all animals are made from cells that also have a nucleus
Robert remark came up found out the cells come from preexisting cells
Brown found out cells have a nucleus
Cells where named by Robert Hooke
Cell theory has 3 key keypoints
2- All things are made up of one or more cells
3- All cells come from a preexisting cell
1- Cells are the basic unit of life
These points have been proven by a microscope
Living
All living things are made from cells
In order to be living you must preform the basic functions of life
Growth
Excretion
To get ride of waste such as urine
Reproduction
Asexual
This way of reproduction only need one organism
An exact clone of the parent
Examples: spider plants and strawberries
Sexual
This way of reproduction needs two organisms
The offspring can be diverse compared to the parents
Examples: humans an cows
The offspring can be born alive or in an egg,
Movement
Nutrition
Hetrophs
They eat other organisms for energy - such as birds
Autotrophs
They make their own energy- such as plants
Respiration
Phtosytisis
Plants use photosynthesis as there way of getting air
Photosynthesis Is when the chloroplast turns energy from the sun into food for the plant
Carbon dioxide, light energy and water are the main ingredient for photosynthesis
Respiration
Animals use resperation as there way for getting oxygen
Respiration uses the respiratory system which includes the lungs
Sensitivity
when the living thing reacts to the environment such as the weather or a predetor
Non-living
They often determine which organisms can survive in that specific area
Examples: climate and air
They cannot move by them selfs therefore cannot adapt to changes
They do not need water, food or air in order to survive
Non-living things are made up of elements or compounds
Cells
Multicellular
This type of cell cannot survive independently
They depend on other cells to complete different tasks in order for they all to survive
The organism contains multiple cells
Multiple cells group together that do the same job make a tissue
That tissue then makes an organ
Then with multiple organs you can make an organ system
We have 11 organs in our body
Example: kidney and liver
Examples: skin and muscle
Types of multicellular cells - plant cells and animal cells
Plant cells
The plant cell contains two other structures the the animal cell does not have
Chloroplast
Contains chlorophyll and captures energy from the sun
Cell wall
Protects the cells and makes it stronger
The organelles within a plant and animal cell
Cytoplasm
Its a jelly like liquid that the cell part moves within
Cell membrane
It controls what goes in and out of the cells and help protect it
Mitochondria
Creates most of the energy for the cell
ATP is the energy that the mitrocondrea produces
The elctron transport chain is where the most ATP is produced
Vacuoles
large pockets filled with water, food or chemicals
An plant cell has larger vacuous, animal cells have rather small ones
Nucleus
It holds the genetic material of the cells and controls the cell activity
Nuclear membrane
It surronds the nucleus and controls what goes in and out of it
Chromosomes
They direct the cells activity
Animal cell
Because it has no cell wall the animal cell was more flexible
Some animal cells are coated in an extra layer so that they can stick together
All complex multicellular organisms start off as one single cell
Unicellular
Prokaryotes
They do not have a nucleus
They store there genetic material in there cytoplasm
They are a fair bit smaller then eucaryotic cells
Eucatyotic cells contain organelles such as a nucleus
This organism only has one cell
They use cell division to reproduce as its faster and more efficient
That one cell can do all the jobs it need to stay alive by itself
