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Carbohydrates - Coggle Diagram
Carbohydrates
We need them for
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Sugar: eg. glucose & fructose can be found in natural foods - such as fruit & vegetables. But they can also be added 2 food in the manufacturing process - such as in cakes, sweets and fizzy drinks. Added sugars are often referred to as empty calories because they have no nutrients other than energy.
Starch can be found in foods such as - potatoes, bread, pasta, rice and cereals. But also in vegetables and fruits(smaller amounts) Starchy foods contain a lot of nutrients such as vitamin B, iron and calcium
Wholegrain starch foods also have a high amounts of fibre
Our body breaks down sugar and the starch into glucose - then our blood absorbs it and its used in our bodies for energy
Simple Carbohydrates
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Disaccharides are made up of 2 monosaccharides for examples: sucrose is mad up of glucose & fructose
Our bodies rapidly digest simple carbohydrates = blood sugars increasing quickly + providing a short burst of energy
Glycaemic Index
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High GI foods are digested quickly & cause a quick increase blood sugar levels - white bread/ pasta/ rice, cornflakes and watermelon
Low GI foods are digested slowly and cause a gradual increase in blood levels - whole-wheat bread/pasta/brown rice/ peaches and porridge.
The GI is especially useful for type 1 diabetics because they know what foods they can take for a quick increase in blood sugar levels
Excess of
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Sugars are the worst because they are digested quickly - meaning the energy that they provide energy ready for use immediately - if not used quickly it will be stored as fat
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Complex Carbohydrates
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Polysaccharides are made up of lots monosaccharides joined together, e.g. starches are made up of lots of glucose molecules
Complex Carbohydrates take longer to digest so they gradually increase blood sugar + provide a slow, steady release of energy
Amount of
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Preferably most of the energy should come from starchy foods + natural sugars - bread, pasta, fruit & veg
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Deficiency of
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In severe cases it will cause a fat deficiency then our bodies will start to use protein - which will cause us to lose muscle and become weaker