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Sensation and Perception, Chapters 6 and 7: Sensation and Perception…
Sensation and Perception
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Perceptual Organization
4) Figure-ground pattern: The figure is what is focused on and the ground is the blurry background which is likely ignored
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5) Interposition: One object is partially blocked, making the blocking object seem closer
6) Texture Gradient: The closer an object is, the. clearer its gradient, or degree of detail, will be
In this picture, the detail of the wood decreases as you look higher up, which lets you know that the it is getting farther away from you.
Vision
13) Transduction: Transforms one form of energy into another (turns electromagnetic light waves received by our sense of sight into electrochemical energy our brains can understand.
Transduction is like a form of translation. The information that is received needs to be translated into a "language" that the brain can understand and react to.
14) Feature Detectors: Specialized neurons in the visual cortex that react to the strength of visual stimuli, responding to shapes, angles, edges, lines, and movement in our field of vision.
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Hearing
3) Auditory Ossicles:
1) Malleus (hammer)
2) Incus (anvil)
3) Stapes (stirrup)
Concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlear oval window
2) Place Theory: Says that the higher and lower tones excite specific areas of the cochlea along the basilar membrane, each location responding differently to different pitches
1) Frequency Theory: Suggests that as a pitch rises, the entire basilar membrane at that frequency, with nerve impulses that correspond with the frequency of the pitch traveling up the auditory nerve, enables us to perceive pitch in a kind of frequency coding
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