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Chapter 3 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3
Authors' Earliest Experiences
Ronald Nomeland
Attended MN School for Deaf from K-11 (1942-1954)
1st two years- no signing
from a deaf family
No lipreading or speech
Weird because his parents both graduated from the same program, which was the Oral Program
Instruction through 6th grade-- lipreading w/speech
7th grade on up was a combo of speech and sign
Combination instruction was most comfortable for Ronald
Melvia Nomeland
Attended TX School for Deaf in Austin
dual program
classes in primary dept were primarily oral
1st two years-- many fond memories
3rd year-- teacher called her stupid for getting Oral drills incorrect
Moved to a manual program afterwards, and this made her happy
1900s-1960s-- Oral Method
students signed behind teachers' backs
Punished- slapped hands, slapped arms w/ruler, sent to principal's office
taboo and stigma attached to signing
When All Hell Broke Loose
Milan, Italy-- Meeting of Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf
Banned use of sign language
Passed Resolutions on Oralism after vote
164 Representatives-- Only one of them was deaf
AGB agreed with the vote on Oralism
All countries adopted resolutions and ban, except United States
Eventually & gradually, US adopted Oralism
Teachers that were deaf were not allowed near small children
afraid they would be contaminated with sign
perceived "unfit" because they could not teach or hear spoken language
NAD tried to fight against the law in 1913 & 1915
realized their mission was impossible
Powerful advocates for Oralism like AGB were powerful
Deaf leaders raised money for moving picture
purpose was to record good examples of signing
ensure signs would not deteriorate over time, like Europe
18 films made
Not all survived-- those that did were converted to DVD