Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
LU4 - INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES : PERSONALITY & VALUES - Coggle Diagram
LU4 - INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES : PERSONALITY & VALUES
Values
Definition
Stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences
Define right or wrong, good or bad
Value system -- hierarchy of values
Espoused
the values we say we use and often think we use = PREFERED
Enacted
values we actually rely on to guide our decisions and actions = EXHIBITED
Type of Values:
Personal Values
what a person belief as good or bad
Shared values
when more than one person share the same values
Organizational Values
what an organization has determined to be good or bad
Cultural Values
values shared across a community
Decisions and behaviors linked to values when:
Mindful of our values
Have logical reasons to apply values in that situation
Situation does not interfere
Values congruence
where two or more entities have similar value systems
Problems with incongruence
Incompatible decisions
Lower satisfaction and commitment
Increased stress and turnover
Benefits of (some) incongruence
Better decision making
Enhanced problem definition
Prevents “corporate cults”
An organisational with high values congruence
high collectivism, high power distance, high uncertainty avoidance
An organisational with low values congruence
high individualism, low power distance, low uncertainty avoidance
Personality
Definition
Relatively stable pattern of behaviors and consistent internal states that explain a person's behavioral tendencies
Major Work-related aspects of Personality
Locus of control
Internals believe in their effort and ability
Self-monitoring personality
Sensitivity to situational cues and ability to adapt your behavior to that situation
Positive and negative affectivity
Dynamics in workplace
Decision making
Team performance
Aggressive behavior
Personalities in workplace
Core self-evaluation
Self-esteem
Self-efficacy
Locus of control
Emotional stability
Machiavellianism
Involving willingness to manipulate others for one's own purpose
Narcissism
Likeness to be the center of attention
Monitoring
Ability to adapt to changing situational factors
Risk taking
Ability to tolerate adversity and failures
Proactive personality
Think or act before others do, able to see upcoming risks more than others
Type A personality
Showing high drive, competitive, aggressive, success motivation
Three Ethical Principles
Utilitarianism
Individual Rights
Distributive Justice
Influences on Ethical Conduct
Moral intensity
Ethical sensitivity
Situational influences
Supporting Ethical Behavior
Ethical code of conduct
Ethics training
Ethics officers
Ethical leadership and culture
Linking up Personality + Values to Workplace
Hiring - Career choice (Holland’s Occupational Choice Theory)
depends on fit between the person and work environment
Holland identifies six “themes”
aligned mainly with one theme is highly differentiated
Training - Career development
Specify Person-job match in terms of required personality + values
Identify the values/personality dimension that lacks
Identify and design training programmes
Conflict Resolutions
understanding on the differences in personalities involved in the conflict.
Realistic people
Emtreprenurial people
Conventional people
Investigative people