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Pre-Romantic and Romantic Age - Coggle Diagram
Pre-Romantic and Romantic Age
Difference between Classicist and Romantics
Poetic forms
Classicist= heroic couplet
Romantics= blank verse
Language
Classicist= ornate and artificial diction
Roamantics= everyday language
Types of poem
Classicist= long poetic forms
Romantics= short poems
Concept of beauty
Classicist= harmony from balance between different parts
Romantics= beauty associate with the sublime, the exotic
Themes
Classicist= universal themes
Romantics= variety of themes
Romanticism
is a broad cultural and literary phenomenom
in Europe it aquired its own specific qualities:
in Italy, it aquired a mighty political meaning
in Germany it became a philosofical and aesthetic movement
the word "romantic" means "typical of old and medieval romances
cames from the French "Romance"
today with this word means both "related to love" and "capable of having a strong effect on someone's feelings"
Two phases:
Pre-Romanticism
(1760-1801)
Features:
re-evalutation role nature
over civilisation
nature= right and ideal state of man
exaltation primitive life
against dehumanising effects of progress
classic form
express romantic themes
meditative tone
reflects poet's desire
retire from world
think to universal themes= death, nature, melanchony
rediscovery Middle Ages
mysterious period with unlearned geniuses
unusual themes
exotic, stange, sublime
sublime= feeling provoked by contemplation of something dangerous and beautiful
fascination for: death, graveyard, ruins
express dissatisfaction with values of Classicism
rejected idea= Reason is the leading faculty of man's intellect
Romanticism
(1801-1837)
birth with the publication of the
Preface to the Lyrical Ballads
the
Manifesto of English Romanticism
by
William Wordsworth
and
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
reaction against the French Revolution, the American War and the Industrial Revolution
gave voice and re-evaluate the role of nature against progress and civilisation
main features:
the idea that poetry can express and create truth
a vivid interest in humble and rustic life
an accent on the expression of emotions and on spontaneous feelings
a rejection of Neoclassical poetry in favour of spontaneous form of poetry
a totally new interest in the inner world of the self
a subsequent distrust in progress and factory
the use of imagination to understand the beauty of universe and to create the truth
a predominant role played by nature, in contrast with industrialisation
The first poets were:
James Thomson
his poems re-evaluated nature
Edward Young
his poems were a meditation of life and were pervaded with melancholy.
Young's works were tanslated into many European languages and contrbuted to the development of European Romantcism
Thomas Gray
Elergy written in a Country Churchyard
reflection on death and man's mortality in a solitary place: churchyard
James Macpherson
his poems gave birth to the
OSSIANIC style
: characterised by melancholy, paganism, heroism and the representation of the primitive forces of nature
William Blake
Songs of Innocence and of Experience
dual opposition between Innocence and Experience
represent two complementary states in reality and in human beings