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Photosynthesis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Then energy is transferred from pigment to pigment within the light-harvesting complex until it is passed into the reaction center
  - - - The energy of the electron used to pump hydrogen to thylakoid space
        
        This causes a concentration gradient in the thylakoid space
        
        After electrons arrive in PSI they move up to the primary electron acceptor
        
        Then pigments in PSI use energy from light to reenergize the electrons
        
        Then, the electrons go through another ETC, but this time it doesn't create an ion gradient or produce ATP
        
        The enzymes in the membrane use he electrons to form NADPH
        
        The hydrogen ions are now trapped in the thylakoid because of its phospholipid bilayer membrane
        
        The Thylakoid cell membrane has protein called ATP Synthase
        
        As the hydrogen ions diffuse through the ATP Synthase, ATP is produced
    - - ADP + P = ATP
  - - - Then an enzyme splits a water molecule, replacing the electrons lost by the chlorophyll a molecule
        
        Oxygen is given off as waste
- - - - ATP turns into ADP then back to ATP synthase and recycles
      - NADPH turns into NADP+
- - - - Plants gather sun's energy with light-absorbing molecules called pigments, which absorb only certain wavelengths and reflect all others.
        
        Pigments
        
        Clusters of pigments are embedded in membranes called thylakoids
        
        Thylakoid membrane- phospholipid bilayer membrane
        
        Stroma = liquid inside chloroplasts
        
        Granum/grana(singular) = stacks of thylakoids
        
        Pigments involved in plant photosynthesis are located in chloroplasts of leaf cells
        
        Carotenoids
        
        (leaf, fruit, vegetable and flower colors)
        
        Chlorophyll b
        
        Chlorophyll a
        
        White reflects all colors and black absorbs all colors
        
        Chlorophyll- primary pigment
        
        Absorbs blue and red light, and reflects green and yellow light, which is why they look green and yellow
        
        Light can be reflected, captured, or absorbed
        
        For example, plants reflect green light and absorb blue
        
        Wavelength = the distance between 2 crest waves
        
        The amount of energy is inversely related to the wavelength
        
        The shorter/closer the wavelength the more energy in the wave and in each photon
        
        Photons = light "particles"
      - Takes place in the stroma of a chloroplast
- - - - best between 0-35 degrees Celsius
- - - - ATP
        
        3 Phosphate Groups
        
        Store and release energy
        
        Adenine
        
        Ribose
        
        Energy stored is released by breaking chemical bonds between 2nd and 3rd phosphates
        
        Active transport across the cell membrane
        
        Protein synthesis
        
        Muscle contraction