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Biopsychology - The structure and function of sensory , relay and motor…
Biopsychology - The structure and function of sensory , relay and motor neurons
The CNS
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Some parts of the brain are concerned with vital functioning and others are involved in higher order such as problem solving and planning
The spinal cord facilitates the transferral of messages to and from the brain to the peripheral nervous system
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The PNS
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The somatic systems main job is to transmit and receive messages from the senses such as visual information from the eyes and auditory information from the ears . It also directs muscles to react and move
The autonomic system helps transmit and receive information from the organs and is further divided into two systems : the sympathetic system (which increases activity) and the parasympathetic system (which conserves the bodys natural activity levels by decreasing activity or maintaining)
Sensory Neurons : Tell the rest of the brain about the external and internal environment by processing information taken from one of the five senses
Relay Neurons : Carry messages from one part of the CNS to another . They connect motor and sensory neurons
Motor Neurons : carry signals from the CNS which help organs , including glands and muscles , function
The cellular structure of all neurons is the same . There are anatomical differences in size depending on their function e.g the axons of motor neurons can be very long
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Synaptic Transmission
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The synapse is the specialized gap between neurons through which the electrical impulse from the neuron is transmitted chemically
1) The electrical nerve impulse travels down the neuron and prompts release of neurotransmitters at the pre synaptic terminal
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3) The adjacent neuron must then quickly take up the neurotransmitters from the fluid and convert them to an electrical impulse to travel down the neuron to the next pre synaptic terminal
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Yamamoto and Kitazawa (2001) looked at why we cannot easily perceive when we are touched in 2 places at the same time . This is argued to be because of the inability of the nervous system to transmit that information as the distance from the brain for the neurons receiving the message is different
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