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:arrow_down: River Tees: Middle & Lower Course :arrow_down:,…
:arrow_down: River Tees: Middle & Lower Course :arrow_down:
Climate
Warmer
temperature rises 1 degreeC for every 100m)
Drier
less relief rainfall and is further east
More "polluted" generally
air, noise & water --- as it is more urban
Geology
Softer, younger sedimentary rocks
Limestone
Sandstone
Human Activity
Arable farming (crop farming)
Main uses
Industry
Ship building
Chemical works
Port (Tees port) - allows import of raw materials and export of finished goods
Flat, relatively cheap land
Flood management
Meanders removed
Channel straightened (e.g. between Stockton and Northsea)
Also makes river more manageable
Higher population density
River landforms
Meanders
As water travels from the upper course to the lower course, the pull of gravity decreases, causing more lateral erosion (erosion to the sides of the river) to occur, as opposed to vertical erosion. The helical (spiraling) movement of water particles causes water to flow faster on the outside bend, meaning the water has more energy and erosion takes place (forming a river cliff). Water on the inside bend is slower, meaning the water has less energy so deposition occurs (forming a slip-off slope). This process forms a meander in a river.
e.g. Yarm
Ox-bow Lakes
1: For a meander to become an ox-bow lake, first, the outer banks are eroded by erosion processes such as hydraulic action and abrasion. This narrows the neck of land between the meander.
2: The outer banks will be eroded more and more, narrowing the neck of land, until eventually the river will cut through the neck. Now deposition occurs in the river banks of the straighter course of the river, as its main (and faster) flow is directed down the centre of the river.
3: The material being deposited between the straighter course and the meandering course builds up over time. The deposited material eventually increases to such an amount that it seals off the meander bend entirely. This forms a new straight river channel, and an ox-bow lake.
Levees
Flood Plains
deposition