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Ch 4. The TBL framework: the task...A framework for TBL. Jane Willis. -…
Ch 4. The TBL framework: the task...A framework for TBL. Jane Willis.
Defining “Task”
“A piece of classroom work that involve learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing, or interacting in target language while attention is focus on meaning rather than form.
The task should also have a sense of completeness, being able to stand alone as a communicative act in its own right with a beginning, a middle and an end.”
Task-Based Instruction (TBI)
The core task elements have six components
1 • Goals
2 • Input
3 • Procedures
4 • Teacher role
5 • Student role
6 • Settings Task-Based Instruction (TBI)
Goals
Goal type example establish and maintain interpersonal relations and Communicative through this to exchange information, ideas, opinions, attitudes and feelings and to get things done have some understanding of the everyday life.
Sociocultural patterns of their contemporary age group in the target language speech community
This will cover their life at home, at school and at leisure to negotiate and plan their work over a certain time.
Task-Based Instruction (TBI)
Input articles from newspapers, magazines and journals radio and television scripts and documentaries comic books for entertainment publicity brochures and posters short stories, poems and plays shopping lists business cards postcards picture stories street map
Approach Roles Oral
Situational learner listens to teacher and repeats; no control over content or methods.
Audiolingual learner has little control; reacts to teacher direction; passive, reactive role.
Communicative learner has an active, negotiative role; should contribute as well as receive
Total Physical learner is a listener and performer
TBI Pre-task: Exposure Introduction to topic and task Instruction
Task cycle Exposure
Task Use (spontaneous)
Exposure Planning Instruction (as needed)
Exposure (planned) Report Use (planned)Exposure Students hear task recording or read text Language focus Instruction
Exposure Analysis and practice:
Use (restricted)
Exposure Review and repeat task Use (spontaneous)
PPP PPP PresentationExposure (restricted) of single ‘new’ item Instruction
Practice Exposure (restricted) of new item
Instruction Use (restricted) drills, exercises, dialogue practice ProductionExposure Activity, role play or task to use (free or partly encourage ‘free’ use of language restricted)
Advantages
TBL is applicable and suitable for students of all ages and background.
Students will have a much more varied exposure to language with TBL.
Students are free to use whatever vocabulary and grammar they know, rather than just the task language of the lesson
Allows meaningful communication.
Students will be exposed to a whole range of lexical phrases, collocations and patterns as well as language forms.6.
Encourages students to be more ambitious in the language.
Task-Based Instruction (TBI)
Disadvantages
TBI requires a high level of creativity and initiative on the part of the task.
TBI requires resources beyond the textbooks and related materials usually found in language classrooms.
TBI is not teacher-centered and it requires individual and group responsibility and commit mention the part of students.
There is a risk for learners to achieve fluency at the expense of accuracy. Task-Based Instruction (TBI)
By Ivan Castillo Peña