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What I learned in week 10?, Patthiya Srimahaprom 61010789 - Coggle Diagram
What I learned in week 10?
Flow measurement
Laminar flowmeters
To produce a slow-moving flow velocity
Large number of small diameter tubes packed in the wide area
Variable-area
Purge-Flow Regulators
Control small gas or liquid purge streams
Protect instruments from contacting hot and corrosive fluids
Protect pressure taps from plugging
Rotameter
Used a solid object as (Plummet / float) a flow indicator
Float types
Ball floats
Floats with tail guides
Low pressure drop floats
Pole guided floats
Floats Type BL
Mostly used on lighter gases
Meter tubes
Glass
Temperature limit: about 400 °F
Small glass tube: 500 psig
Maximum operating pressure: 100 psig
Metal
Used for hot and strong alkalis, fluorine, hot water, and steam etc.
operate at P: 750 psig; T: 450 °C
Plastic
For corrosive fluid or deionized water
Low cost rotameters
Velocity-based flowmeter
Turbine flowmeters
Use a free-spinning turbine wheel to measure fluid velocity
Gas or Liquid
Sensitive to swirl
Turndown ratio
Performance of measurement device with the existing setting for the zero and span
Rangeability
Ability of a given measurement device to applied to a variety of applications
Vortex flowmeters
10 pipe diameters of straight-length pipe upstream and 5 pipe diameters downstream
Magnetic flowmeters
Accuracy: ±0.2%
Measure flow with electromagnetic waves (Voltage)
Use with conductivity liquids
Optical flowmeters
Laser-Two-Focus (L2F)
Scintillation
Air passes between the light and the observer
Use the light to measure the fluid velocity via a pipe
Ultrasonic flowmeters
Measure fluid velocity by passing high-frequency sound waves along the fluid flow path
Doppler flowmeters
Bounces sound wave off of bubble or particulate matterial in the flow stream
Transit-time flowmeters
Uses a pair of opposed sensor to measure the time difference
Clamp-on sensors
Positive displacement flowmeters
Measure the flow of liquid
Mass flowmeters
Coriolis flowmeters
Measure the flow rate and density
Works by shaking one or more tubes carrying the flowing fluid
Measiring the frequency and phase of that shaking
Extremely accurate
Thermal flowmeters
Hot-wire anemometer
Measure air speed
Pressure measurement
Features
Transducer
Transmitter
Sensor
Process/Smart transmitter
Process connection
Flush diaphragm
For viscous adhesive, abrasive, or crystalline media
For applications that require residue-free pressure connection cleaning
Thread
Basics
Handedness (Right-hand, Left-hand)
Design (Parallel, Tapered)
Gender (Male, Female)
Common types
M-ISO
National Pipe Taper (NPT)
British Standard Pipe (BSP)
Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS)
Internal diaphragm
Less expensive
Used with gas or liquid pressurized media
Easier to handle
Seal
Important component of a thread
Pressure range
Define the limit within which pressure can be accurately measured
Electrical output signal
Ratiometric
Digital output signal
Standard analog
Digital communication on an analog output signal
Electrical connector
Standard plug-in connectors or output cables
Type have a considerable influence on the instrument's ingress protection (IP) rating
Manometer
A fluid-filled tube where an applied
Gas pressure causes the fluid height to shift proportionately
Type
U-tube
Well
Raised well
Inclined
Special properties required
such as
Hazardous area classifications that require specific approvals
Harsh environmental conditions
Mechanical pressure
Converts a fluid pressure into a force
Sensing element
Diaphragm
Thin disk of material which bows outward under the influence of a fluid pressure
Bourdon
Made of spring like metal alloys bent into a circular shape
Bellows
Increasing P inside causes it to elongate
Patthiya Srimahaprom 61010789