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Public Sector Employment - Coggle Diagram

- - - - is oversized
      - we must reform
        
        govt by reducting
        
        number of officials
        
        and employees
        
        across govt department
        
        and public sector
- - - - has among lowest public sector
      - employment ratios in world
      - most of govt employees
        
        work in railways, postal department
        
        home ministry and defence
      - In the states
        
        Bureaucracy has slowly diminshing
        
        due to absence of recruitment
        
        at mid-level position for years
    - - Instead of cutting down
        
        bloated govt sector
        
        needs augmentation of states
        
        capacity by
        
        hiring more people
      - Restructuring
        
        by redeploying
        
        its public sector workforce
        
        towards
        
        delivery of public services
      - Massive vacancies
        
        in schools, central univ, and colleges
        
        around one million across states
        
        around 30% vacancies
        
        in rural and agricultural ministries
        
        which have the task of implementing
        
        ambitious govt schemes
        
        affecting majority of citizens
      - problem
        
        Inability or unwillingness to
        
        impose proper performance
        
        criteria does not mean
        
        govt should stop hiring people altogether
      - Private Sector employment
        
        through appropriate
        
        govt policy is crucial
      - Vacant Govt Posts
        
        measures are needed to fill
    - - More Judges
        
        ensure speedy justice
      - Shallow reasoning
        
        fails to take in account
        
        the positive impact of well staffed
        
        and functioning state
        
        on economic growth
      - More policemen
        
        will mean better law and order
      - More doctors
        
        mean better health care
  - - - only 139 govt employees
      - for every 100,000 people
      - excluding
        
        railways and postal departments
      - In contrast
        
        US has 668 govt employees
        
        per 100,000 residents
      - 750,000 vacancies
        
        at central govt in 2014
      - Around 38% post of judges
        
        in HC are vacant
    - - Non-Agriculture Jobs (NAJ)
        
        generated at rate of 7.5 million per annum
      - labour force
        
        2 million of youth
        
        joining the labout force
      - Joblessness
        
        Post-2013 people still leaving agriculture
        
        but non-farm sector jobs
        
        growing slowly
        
        As a result
        
        joblessness has grown
      - unemployed educated youth
        
        increased to unprecedented lvl by 2018
      - IS
        
        Jobs
        
        total 465 million jobs
        
        about 20 millions
        
        created in non-farm sectors
        
        only 34 millions
        
        created in Govt sector
        
        massive decline
        
        Govt sector job
        
        growth from 1.3 million per annum
        
        from 2005 to 2012
        
        only 0.4 million per annum
        
        from 2012 to 2018
      - Self-Employment
        
        Despite govt measures
        
        ex. MUDRA to promote self-employment
        
        95% MUDRA loans
        
        being in smallest Shishu Category
        
        no of youth engaged
        
        as self-employed
        
        from 81 million to 63 million
        
        btw 2005 and 2012
        
        and further to 49 million
        
        btw 2012 and 2018
- - - - major source of demand
      - due to job stability and
      - better pay in economy
        
        with low per capita income
      - evident in this pandemic