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Populations and Ecosystems, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram
Populations and Ecosystems
Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats
Habitat
Set of conditions in which an organism completes its life cycle
Community
All of the populations together
Population
Individuals of the same species together in the same Habitat
Operational Habitat `
Aspects of the habitat that definitely affect a plant
Biotic
Living organisms within a habitat
Abiotic
Non- living aspects and physical phenomena
Tolerance Range
The low and high extremes
Pioneers
The first plants that invade a new soil
A Horizon
Uppermost and is sometimes called the zone of leaching consist of litter and debris
B Horizon
Zone of Deposition
C Horizon
Composed of parent rock and rock fragments
Mutualism
Interactions between organisms that are beneficial for both parties involved
Competition
Interactions between organisms that are disadvantageous
Competitive Exclusion
Whichever species is less adapted is excluded from the ecosystem by superior competitors
Niche
Each Species is adapted to a particular set of conditions, no other species is adapted to use as efficiently
Ecotypes
Species that is adapted in response to the particular ecosystem factors ; subspecies
Commensal Relationships
One species benefits and the other is unaffected
Predation
One species benefits and the other is harmed
Pathogenic
May cause mild disease or be so virulent that they kill the organism
Structure of Populations
Limiting Factors
Factor that determines the overall health of the plant
Random Distribution
No obvious, identifiable to the position of individuals
Clumped Distribution
Those in which the spacing between plants is either small or large
Uniform Distribution
the types that occur in orchards and tree plantations
Generation Time
Length of time from the birth of one individual until the birth of its first offspring
Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase or Biotic Potential
the number of offspring produced by an individual that actually live long enough to reproduce
Carrying Capacity
The number of of individuals in each population that can live in a particular ecosystem
r-Selected Species
Annuals or small shrubby perennials because the distributed habitat gradually changes
K- Selected Species
Many long living conifers such as redwoods
The Structure of Ecosystems
Physiognomic Structure
The physical size and shape of the organisms and their distribution in relation to each other and to the physical environment
Temporal Structure
The changes that an ecosystem undergoes with time
Species Composition
Refers to the number and diversity of species that coexist in an ecosystem
Trophic Levels
Basically feeding levels
Primary Producers
Autotrophs, first step in the food web
