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CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION, Created by:, Gwendelyn Wong Rhien-Yhung…

- - - - 42% of weight; Phospholipid bilayer
      - Hydrophobic
      - Hydrophilic
    - - 55% of weight
      - Integral & Peripheral proteins
      - Types
        
        :two: Recognition
        
        Recognize as normal or abnormal
        
        In immune systems
        
        :three: Enzymes
        
        Catalyze reactions in extracellular fluid or cytosol
        
        :four: Receptors
        
        Sensitive to the presence of ligands
        
        :five: Carrier protein
        
        Bind and transport the solutes
        
        Require energy
        
        :one: Anchor proteins
        
        Attach the plasma membrane to other structure
        
        Stabilize
        
        :six: Channel protein
        
        Permits H2O and solutes movement across plasma membrane
    - - 3% of weight
      - Proteoglycans Glycoproteins Glycolipid
      - Extends beyond the outer surface of the membrane (glycocalyx)
        
        :explode: Functions of glycocalyx
        
        Lubcrication & protection
        
        Anchoring & locomotion
        
        Recognition
        
        Specificity in binding
  - - - No need energy
      - Depends of gradient concentration
      - Types
        
        :explode:Diffusion
        
        Movement of molecule from high concentration to low concentration
        
        Substances: gases, small inorganic ions & molecules, lipid-soluble materials
        
        :explode: Facilitated diffusion
        
        Movement of materials across a membrane by carrier proteins and follows the gradient of concentration
        
        Substances: simple sugars & amino acids
        
        :explode:Osmosis
        
        Diffusions of water molecule across a selectively permeable membrane
        
        Movements occurs from high water concentration to low water concentration. Osmosis continues until concentration gradient eliminated
        
        :moon: Isotonic solution
        
        No osmosis occurs
        
        Red blood cells in normal shape & size
        
        :moon: Hypotonic solution
        
        Water flow into cell
        
        Red blood cells swelling until plama membrane rupture
        
        :moon: Hypertonic solution
        
        Water flow out of cell
        
        Red blood cells swelling until the plasma membrane rupture
        
        Substances: water molecules only
    - - Need energy
      - Move specific substance across plasma membrane by against concentration gradient
      - If it carry one solute in one direction and another solute in opposite direction is called exchange pump
      - Substances: Na,K,Ca,Mg (other solutes in special case)
      - Vesicular transport
        
        :explode:Endocytosis
        
        Packaging extracellular materials into vesicle for transport into cell
        
        Types
        
        :moon: Pinocytosis
        
        Vesicle formed and bring fluid or small substance into cell. Called 'cell drinking'
        
        :moon: Phagocytosis
        
        Pseudopodium formed and engulf the particle, vesicle formed and bring it into cell. Called 'cell eating'.
        
        :moon: Receptor-mediated endocytosis
        
        Target molecules (ligands) bind to receptor proteins an triggers vesicle formation
        
        :explode:Exocytosis
        
        Intracellular vesicles fuse with plasma membrane to release fluids or solid from cells
- - - - Remains within its original site
    - - Spreading tumor cell