Biotechnology
AMR
way forward
Rational use required -use available antibiotics carefully so as to ensure efficiency for as long as possible
intro
roadmap for this -WHO Global action plan on AMR
all word countries must develop their respective national action plan in alignment with the WHO above plan
goal
continuity of prevention of infectious diseases with effective and safe medicines that are
used in a responsible way
accessible to all who need them
quality assured
why?
One health approach
multi-sectoral, multi- disciplinary and multi-institutional response to public health problems,
indiscriminate use of antibiotics
microorg - bacteria become resistant to antimicrobial medicines - antibiotics
cons
with rapid dev of resistance
life of new antibiotics becomes ltd. and return on investment on new molecules gets diminished
DNA Technology(Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019
need for regulation of use and application of DNA technology
purpose
expand application of DNA based forensic technologies -
to support and strengthen justice deilvery system of the country
components
Establishment of
DNA Regulatory Board
National and Regional DNA Data Banks
Accrdi of DNA labs
measures
international
One Health Global Leaders Group on AMR - by FAO, WHO and World Org for Animal Health
antimicrobials - antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals - medicines to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals and plants
antimicrobials become ineffective
impact on health
increases the risk of disease spread
makes it difficult to treat the diseases
might increase severe illness and deaths
sometimes known as superbugs the microorg that develop AMR
AMR is a global threat. WHY?
as it threatens ability to treat common infections
cost of AMR to national economies and health systems is significant as it affects the productivity of the patients or their caretakers
misuse of antimicrobials in medicines
inappropriate use in agriculture
contamination around pharmaceutical mfging sites
dikkat ki baat yeh hai ki -- no new classes of antibiotics developed in the last 3 decades - kyu? - inadequate incentives for their dev ,, production, R&D
already responsible for 7 Lakh deaths a year
surgical procedures, cancer chemo - will face risk from untreatable infections
economic crisis
-ve imapct on global GDP by 3.5%
can cause 1 cr death annually by 2050 if actions not taken now
and this scenario will be worst in low and middle income countries of Asia and Africa because already their health systems cannot bear the risk posed by untreatable infectious diseases and now when even treatable infectious diseases donot respond to drug -- burden on health system would increase exponentially
WHO - DG- " AMR is a slow tsunami that threatens to undo a century of medical progress"
developing new antimicrobials and
mix of incentives and sanctions - i.e to both ensure access to antimicrobial to those in need and regulating its use at the same time (Sanction)
tracking spread of resistance in microbes beyond hospitals
sustained investments to detect and combat new resistant strains
$ 1 bn AMR Action Fund - launched in 2020 to support the dev of new antibiotics
Individual level
enforcing infection control measures to reduce antibiotic use
Rational use required