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Unit 7 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - normal: this is data that is acceptable/reasonable and has an expected
      - (known) outcome; for example, the month can be ø'ny whole number in the
      - range I to 12
    - - abnormal: this is data outside the limits of acceptability, or the wrong type
      - of data, and should be rejected or callse ar error message; for example, all the
      - following values are not allowed as inputs for the month:
      - . negative numbers (e.g., -I, -I5, etc.)
      - . anyvalue greater than12 (e.g.,32,45, etc.)
      - . letters or other non-numeric data (e.g., luly, etc.)
      - . non-integer values (e.g., 3.5, 10.75, etc.).
    - - this data is used to test the system after it has been installed into the customers workplace
      - this data is defined as data that is actually used in the customer's company
      - LIVE DATA
        
        Live data is entered into the new system and the results
        
        compared with those produced from the existing system. Further modifications to
        
        the software may be needed following this testing procedure
        
        could be ANY Data that is actually used in the real system.
- - - - how to load/install/run the software
      - how to save files
      - how to do a search
      - how to sort data
      - how to do print outs
      - how to add, delete or amend records
      - the purpose of the system/program/software package
      - limitations of the system
      - . screen layouts (input format)
      - print layouts (output format)
      - hardware requirements
      - software requirements
      - sample runs (with results and actual test data used
      - error handling/meaning of errors
      - troubleshooting guide/help lines/FAQs
      - how to log in/log out
      - . tutorials
      - . error messages/meaning of error messages
      - glossary of terms.
  - - - program listing/coding
      - . programming language used
      - . program flowcharts/algorithms
      - . systems flowcharts
      - purpose of the system/program/software
      - limitations of the system
      - input formats
      - hardware requirements
      - software requirements
      - minimum memory requirements
      - known 'bugs' in the system
      - list of variables used (and their meaning/description)
      - file structures
      - sample runs (with results and actual test data used)
      - output formats
      - validation rules
      - meaning of error messages.
- - - - because:
        
        of feedback from end-users
        
        . new hardware comes on the market, necessitating change
        
        . changes within the company require new devices to be added or updated
    - - because:
        
        of feedback from end-users
        
        . changes to the company structlrre or how the company works that may
        
        require modifications to the software
        
        . changes in legislation that may require modifications to the software .
- - - - DESIGHN OF IMPLEMETATION METHOD
        
        With this method the old system
        
        is stopped overnight and the new
        
        system introduced immediately
      - DISADVANTAGE
        
        this method can be disastrous if the new system fails
        since the old system is no longer available
      - ADVANTAGES
        
        ADVANTAGES
        
        costs are reduced (since only one system used there is
        
        no need to pay for two sets of staff)
        
        . less likelihood of a malfunction since the new system
        
        will have been fully tested
    - - desighn of implemetation method
        
        With this method, the old and new
        
        systems are run side by side for a time
        
        before the new system takes over
        
        altogether
        
        advantages
        
        advantages
        
        if this new system fails, the old system is still available
        
        as a backup
        
        . it is possible to gradually train staff
        
        disadvantages
        
        it is more expensive than direct since extra staff are
        
        needed to run both systems together
        
        . it's also more time consuming than direct since data
        
        needs to be entered into two systems
      - could be implemented in a billing system where both the old and new systems would produce an invoice
    - - design of implementation method
        
        With this method, the new system is
        
        introduced into one branch or office
        
        of the company and its performance
        
        assessed before being lntroduced
        
        elsewhere in the company
      - advantages
        
        .if the new system fails, only one part is affected; the
        
        remainder is unaffected
        
        . it is possible to train staff in one area only, which is
        
        much faster and less costly than paral/e/
        
        . the costs are also less than parallel since only one part
        
        of the system is being used in the pilot warehouse
      - if company had 3 departments=sales, wherehouse and payroll then the new system could be installed in the wherehouse first and if works then can be installed in the other 2 branches later
    - - design of implementation method
        
        With this method, only paft of the
        
        new system is introduced and, only
        
        when it proves to work satisfactorily,
        
        is the next part introduced, and so on,
        
        until the old system is fully replaced
      - advantages
        
        1
        
        if the latest part fails, it is only necessary to go back in
        
        the system to the point of failure; hence failure isn't
        
        disastrous
        
        it is possible to ensure the system works properly
        before expanding
      - disadvantages
        
        disadvantages
        
        .more expensive than direct since it ìs necessary to
        
        evaluate each phase before moving to the next stage
        
        . very time consuming since each part needs to be fully
        
        evaluated before making any further changes to the
        
        system