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Ch. 14 Nutritional Requirements During Growth and Development and Eating…
Ch. 14 Nutritional Requirements During Growth and Development and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health
the first 1000 days of life are crucial time period where proper nutrition is critical, having a profound impact on an infants ability to grow, learn, and thrive
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Infants
an infants health status, beginning at conception and affecting lifelong well-being, depends on feeding and nurturing the newborn by the caretaker
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Growth
the definitive test of health and is used as the most sensitive and specific indicator of nutritional status
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Nutritional Requirements
adequate nutrition is more important during infancy and childhood than during any other stage of the life cycle
from the rapid growth rate, energy requirements are much higher per pound or kilogram
Breast Milk
human milk, natures super food for infants, is the optimal source of appropriate amounts of nutrients to help infants reach thier maximum potential
human milk is very complex , and its exact chemical makeup is unknown . it contains living cells, hormones, active enzymes, and anti-bodies
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Artificial Infant Milk
Although nutrients differ slightly for various brands, all commercial formulas comly with standards set by the Infant Formula Act established in 1980
Infant formulas should be discontinued by 12-14 months,then vitamin D fortified whole milk should be provided until age 2
Duplicate breastmilk as closely as technology allows, but the exact composition of breastmilk cannot be reproduced and artificial infant milk cannot match the benefits of breast milk
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Feeding practices
infants today are generally fed on demand. A pattern usually develops within about 2 weeks , with the infacnt eating six times per day - at 4 hour intervals
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Suckling: infant opening mouth wide, moving jaw back and forth, and squeezing with their gingiva to extract the milk
Nonnutritive suckling: sucking on thumb, finger, or a pacifier
Retrognathic: condition of a mandible posterior to its normal relationship with otehr facial positions
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Food Allergies
According to the Food Allergy Research and Education organization, 8% of children have a documented food allergy
between 1997 and 2011, food allergies increased approximately 50% in children
because of possibility of allergy, foods should be introduced one at a time
Introduction of Foods
good nutrition is essential for rapid growth and development that occurs during an infants first year
Complementary Feeding Period: also known as the sensitive period or critical window, occurs at about 4 months of age (not before this time) when neither breast milk nor formula adequately meets all the nutrient requirements to promote growth and development
Foods should be present to the infant with spoons, never in a bottle
Fruit juices are unnecessary, and thre is no nutritional advantage to providing fruit juice before 6 months. shouldn't be introduced until after a year of age
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Avoid Sugar-free foods, especially those containing Sorbitol, which may cause diarrhea in infants and children
supplements containing fluoride should never be added to milk; fluoride binds with milk and soy proteins, decreasing availability of fluoride significantly
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Infant Oral Care
Dental problems begin early. Children who have caries as infants or toddlers have a much greater probability of subsequent caries in primary and permanent teeth
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When teeth begin errupting, parents should continue brushing the teeth with a soft infant toothbrush using no more than a smear or rice sized amount of fluoride toothpaste twice daily
Early Childhood Caries
presence of one or more decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child younger than 6 years old