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Ch.25 Populations and Ecosystems, ecosystem inclues abiotic & biotic…
Ch.25 Populations and Ecosystems
Plants in Relationship to Their Habitats
Abiotic Components
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Climate
weather conditions of area
tolerance range
extremes an organism can handle
Soil Factors
pioneers
first plants to invade soil
A horizon
uppermost layer
consistis of litter & debris
zone of leaching
B horizon
zone of deposition
materials from A accumulate
nutrients, humum, clay
C horizon
lowest layer
parent rock & fragments
Latitude and Altitude
affects abiotic environment
determines weather conditions
varies amount of light energy
Disturbance
produce radical change
ex. fires, floods, landslides
nonliving & physical phenomena
Biotic Components
Plant itself
modifies habitat
can be
detrimental
neutral
beneficial
Other Plant Species
competition
compete for resources
don't grow as well together
competitive exclusion
species less adapted is excluded
mutualism
interaction beneficial for both
niche
adapted to particular conditions
no other uses as efficiently
transplant experiments
test whether ecotypes exist
Organisms other than plants
frugivores
seed dispersal by fruit eating animals
commensal relationships
one benfits the other unaffected
Predation
one benefits the other harmed
herbivory
herbivores
animal eats plants
browsing
eat twigs and leaves
grazing
eating herbs
habitat
#
set of conditions in organisms completes its lifestyle
operational habitat
aspects of habitat that affect plant
The Structure of Populations
Geographic Distribution
Boundaries
limiting factor
factor that determines health of plant
Local Geographic Distribution
clumped distribution
spacing b/t plants is small or large
uniform distribution
individuals are evenly spaced
random distribution
no identifiable pattern to position
allelopathy
allelochemics
plant chemicals that inhibit plants
inhibition of plants
Age Distribution: Demography
demography
relative proportions of ages
generation time
time from birth til give birth
intrinsic rate of natural increase
biotic potential
offspring that lives long enough to reproduce
carrying capacity
#
individuals that can live in ecosystem
K symbol
r- and K-Selection
r-Selection
r
species biotic potential
r-selected species
annuals & shrubby perennials
disturbance produces r conditions
#
K-Selection
select phenotypes different from beneficial
k-selected species
ex. conifers
adaptations to use scare resources
The Structure of Ecosystems
Physiognomic Structure
physiognomic structure
physical shape & size & distribution
in distribution to each other & environment
life forms
way of classifying plants
Temporal Structure
changes an ecosystem undergo w time
Species Composition
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number & diversity
species coexist in ecosystem
Trophic Levels
secondary consumers
carnivores
feed on herbivores
3rd level
decomposers
fungi & bacteria
break down remains
primary consumers
herbivores
secondary producers
2nd level
energy & carbon flow
energy & carbon flow through tropic levels
primary producers
autotrophs
energy & nutrient supply
first level
Concepts
community
all populations together
ecosystem
community with physical environment
population
all individuals of same species
ecosystem inclues abiotic & biotic of habitat
carrying capacity affects K-selection
abiotic & biotic components make habitat
organisms of ecosystem
show population, community, & ecosystems
https://study.com/cimages/videopreview/173guqhz4w.jpg
ex. of disturbance that create r conditions
demonstrate trophic levels
https://i.ytimg.com/vi/nFwODCe8vYA/maxresdefault.jpg
ex. of caring capacity graph
https://ecointelligent.files.wordpress.com/2018/07/r-and-k-e1588309754710.png?w=612
ex. of disturbance
https://cdni0.trtworld.com/w960/h540/q75/59889_china_1564120504587.jpg
ex. of mutualism
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Hummingbird_hawkmoth_a.jpg/1200px-Hummingbird_hawkmoth_a.jpg
