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THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION, people used to depend on hunting and gathering,…

- - - - reason
    - - process
        
        Sudanic Africa
        
        Food crop
        
        Domesticated animals
        
        cattle
        
        sheep
        
        goats
        
        South West Asia
        
        Food crops: taro, yarns, coconut, breadfruits, banana, citrus fruit
        
        East Asia
        
        Food crops: rice, soybeans
        
        Domesticated animals
        
        pigs
        
        chickens
        
        water buffaloes
  - - - Agricultural economy and rapidly increasing numbers
        
        Neolithic peoples did not continue the migratory life but settled near their fields in permanent villages
    - - Large numbers of people in villages
        
        Surplus of food
        
        Specialization of labor.
      - The rapid development of specialized labor is apparent from excavations carried out at Çatal Hüyük
  - - - Paleolithic hunters and gatherers had no use for pot
      - A food-producing society needs containers to store surplus foods
      - By 7000 B.C.E. Neolithic villagers discovered processes that transformed malleable clay into firehardened
        
        waterproof pottery capable of storing dry or liquid products and this was how pottery born
    - - The earliest metal: copper
      - Copper metallurgy
        
        a technological foundation on which later Neolithic craftsmen developed expertise in the working of gold, bronze, iron, and other metals
      - Social distinction
    - - Fragments of textiles survive from as early as 6000 B.C.E.
      - Neolithic peoples experimented with techniques of selective breeding
        
        bred strains of plants and animals that provided long, lustrous, easily worked fibers
        
        developed technologies for spinning the fibers into threads
        
        weaving the threads into cloth.
  - - - multiplied prodigiously
      - congregated in densely populated quarters
      - placed the surrounding lands under cultivation
      - domesticated several species of animals
    - - cities were larger and more complex
      - cities influenced the political, economic, and cultural life of large regions
    - - Places: in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
      - Time: during the period about 4000 to 3500 B.C.E
      - Role: the focal points of public affairs
  - - - Neolithic farmers closely observed the natural world around them and noted the conditions that favored successful harvests
        
        a kind of early applied science
      - Experience accumulated over the generations
      - the elaboration of a calendar
    - - Neolithic religion reflected the same interest in fertility, but it celebrated particularly the rhythms that governed agricultural society—birth, growth, death, and regenerated life
      - Neolithic religious thought clearly reflected the natural world of early agricultural society