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Foundations of Planning - Coggle Diagram
Foundations of Planning
Planning
Definition: Planning is often called the primary management function, because it affects all of the manager’s other activities such as organizing, leading, and controlling.
- Planning includes: deciding the organization’s objectives or goals, creating an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and deciding how to integrate and coordinate activities which will help the organization achieve its goals.
- It’s concerned with ends (what is to be done) and means (how it is to be done).
Two types
Informal
- Definition: Informal planning generally described the planning that occurs in many smaller businesses. The owner-manager has an idea of where he or she wants to go and how he or she expects to get there. Informal planning usually is general and lacks continuity.
However, sometimes you see informal planning in large organizations and small businesses with sophisticated written plans.
- In informal planning, very little, if anything, is written down. What is to be accomplished is in the heads of one or a few people. During informal planning, planners rarely speak about specific goals.
Formal
- In formal planning, specific goals covering a specific time period are defined. These goals are written down and made available to organization members.
- Using these goals, managers develop specific plans that clearly define what the organization will do to reach its goals.
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