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“The attempts in the Reconstruction period 1865 to 1877 to solve problems…

- - - - That Merrill was able to keep such documentation suggests that their hoods did not provide Klansmen with quite the level of anonymity they desired.
    - - Regardless of the factors that fuelled Klan violence, such attacks countered the spread of democracy during Radical Reconstruction.
      - In the 1868 presidential election, few if any votes were cast for the Republican candidate, Ulysses S. Grant, in many heavily Republican Southern counties where Klan violence took place.
      - Grant won the election anyway, and those who did vote Republican often later became Ku Klux Klan victims.
      - The direct effects of violence on the ballot box are clear, but widespread brutality also chipped away at many citizens’ confidence in the legitimacy of Republican-led government.
      - As one victim of the Ku Klux Klan declared, “I consider a government that does not protect its citizens a failure.”
      - Unfounded doubts about the legitimacy and competence of government run by Republicans helped to undermine support for Reconstruction as the 1870s progressed.
- - - - The Court decided that the Fourteenth Amendment protected only the rights people had by virtue of their citizenship in the United States.
      - They decided that most of Americans’ basic civil rights were obtained through their citizenship in a state and that the amendment did not protect those rights
    - - The court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment did not give the federal government the right to punish individual whites who oppressed blacks.
  - - - The Court ruled in favor of officials who had barred African Americans from voting, stating that the Fifteenth Amendment did not “confer the right of suffrage on anyone” but just listed grounds on which states could not deny suffrage.