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hass yr8 t4 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Citizenship is a way to describe the act or status of being a citizen of a society
    - - Civics is the rights and responsibilities of citizens within a society or country
  - - - freedom of speech, able to practise whatever religion you want within the bounds of the law,
    - - pay taxes, vote, obeying the law, let other people live peacefully
- - - - legal laws can be enforced by the police and are made by either a judge or the parliament. non legal laws are made by a person or organisation for the sake of being organised
    - - non-legal: wearing school uniform, don't run in class, don't leave your shoes around the house
      - legal: no drink driving, no alchohol under 18, stay under the speed limit
  - - - you cant sexually, verbally, or physically assault people, you cant steal things, you cant pass the speed limit, you cant look at your phone while driving
    - - lower house
        
        1st reading, 2nd reading, house committee, consideration in detail, 3rd reading, bill passed
      - upper house
        
        1st reading, 2nd reading, senate committee, committee of the whole, 3rd reading, bill passed
      - governor general
        
        royal assent, bill becomes an act of parliament
- - - - guilty act is when you commit a crime and guilty mind is when you meant to commit the crime
      - simple and indictment
    - - accused of a crime
        
        if the accused person is found as guilty they will be punished so they dont do it again and so no one else does it.
      - jury system
        
        a jury of 12-18 randomly selected Australian citizens decide the outcome of a criminal trial based on facts from the defendant and prosecution
      - going to court
        
        the accused pleads not guilty and the prosecution provides facts that must prove that he is guilty beyond reasonable doubt
      - examples of punishments
        
        imprisonment, fine, good behaviour bond
    - - the right to a trained professional, the right to a fair trial, everyone is considered equal before the hearing, treated as innocent until proven guilty
  - - - Civil law protects individuals and their property
    - - criminal law punishes people who do illegal things and civil law gives compensation if a business doesn't look after their property or if someone ruins your reputatation
    - - examples
        
        negligence
        
        defamation
        
        trespass
        
        nuisance
  - - - a law that is passed down verbally
    - - aboriginal Australian and Torres strait islanders
    - - dream time stories and land ownership
- - - - Freedoms allow people to act and express themselves the way they feel
    - - letting people voice their opinions publicly
    - - free to join in any group or organisation
    - - free to meet up in groups and protest
    - - ability to freely travel to any state or territory or leave and re-enter Australia
    - - free to practise their own religion