rome

meditteranean

trading, networks

cattle herding, pastoralism

founding

Romulus, Remus sent out by uncle as babies, found by she-wolf and were raised. shepherd found them and were raised by them. went back and overthrew uncle and became leaders

built walls and started to not get along. remus makes fun of romulus' wall. romulus kills remus. fratricide

etruscans

non latin speaking civilization. northern italy. kind of dominate group in italy

rome had kings (more like warlords)

monarch vs. elites/aristocrats

509 BC: aristocrats come together and got rid of kings

(perceived) socio-economic inequality

two orders

patricians and plebeians. tense but never violent

law

was orally given

statutory law not common law(precedents and stuff)

4something BC they wrote down laws for the first time

government

republic

punic wars

phoenician

between rome and carthage

carthage: hannibal w/ elephants and army with mercenaries

sencond punic war: spent several years burning pillaging most of italy counteyside but they never conquered rome.

italy tooka an economic blow that it did not recover for several years.

between second and third war

run by senate. wealthy senators become more powerful

very modern; propaganda, jingoism

Carthago delendum est!: carthage is to be destroyed(deleted)

third punic war

sent army across mediterranean (no hannibal)

burned carthage to the ground and salted the soil so nothing would grow. enslaved carthaginians

if ally of carthage rome would conquer them too. becoming empire without emperor

millions of slaves coming from all over mediterranean

while army gone, senators conquererd small farms and consilidated farms into estates (plantation) and put the enslaved pow to work on it. kicked the soldiers families off farm. never gave land back to farm

modern: veterns in history and modern history are not treated well.

soldiers go to rome because no place to go

slaves put to do extremely hard work

90-80-70 BC start to get slave uprising (spartacus)

optimates vs. populares

populares for the people and want to help them out. but they used the mob and manipulated them for their own political gain

militart coup , military takeover