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Week 5
Security 1 - Coggle Diagram
Week 5
Security 1
Conceptualising Security
What is security?
- 'security is an objective sense, measures the absence of threats to acquired values, in a subjective sense, the absence of fear that such values will be attacked' - Wolfers 1962
- whose values? Referent objects and actors
- which values? political-military or other values?
- what types of threats? state or non state threats? (defensive measures? material capabilities, institutions, ideas, culture?
- contexts: empirical focus, sectors of security; levels of analysis
- different theories. different combinations of reference objects/actors, values/issues, threats, countermeasures
Traditionalist Approaches to security
- Realism, Liberalism and Conventional constructivism
- state-centrist
- political security: sovereignty; territory, distribution of material power; alliances, political system, governing institutions, state ideology, state/national identity etc
- military security: readiness to defend the above statist values from internal and external threats
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Key Questions in US-China Relations
- will China overtake the US in national power?
- is China a satisfied or dissatisfied power?
- Will China try to overturn the existing regional/international order?
- Can the US accommodate China's rising ambitions?
- Can US-China confrontation and war be averted?
- US will conduct policies of containment against China's rise
- conventional clash between US and China or clash between allies
China's Rise & Obama's Pivot to the Asia-Pacific
- 2009 or 2011?
- military rebalance
- economic initiatives - focused on responding to the rise and threat of China at the same time as trying to cooperate with China
- diplomatic multilateralism
- alliance management: reassurance
- normative agenda
- con-gaging/hedging China: China's response
- Evolving language and emphases
-Asian responses
Trump's China and East Asia Policy
- 2016 Trump elected
- tension and hostility between US and China goes to a new level
- hard to tell whether Trump was beneficial or damaging to China
- on the one hand he started the trade war which imposed sanctions on Chinese officials and attacked Chinese companies like Huwaei, Tik Tok and WeChat
- also took a number of steps which can be seen as beneficial to Asia - alliances
- November 2020 election will either be Trump or Biden presidency which may change the residency
- the underlying hostility will still continue
Mutli-Dimensional Competition
- security: China's 'non-transparent' military modernisation; 'anti-access, area denial' capabilities, North Korea; China's relations with US allies and partners, particularly territorial disputes; Taiwan
- Economic competition: trade war, trade surplus, intellectual property violations, protectionism, currency manipulation etc
- China sees these allegations as the US trying to undermine China's rise
- diplomacy and multilateral institutions: AIIB, BRI etc
- technological competition: Huawei, 5G, Artificial Intelligence, cyber-security
- Human rights: democracy, religious freedom, Tibet, Hong Kong, Xinjiang etc
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