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Male Repro Path - Coggle Diagram

- - - - incomplete descent of 1+ testes
      - inherited (recessive) = don't breed
      - gross: testes small and firm
      - decreased fertility - lower sperm counts
      - dogs: predisposed to testicular neoplasia
    - - arrest in testicular development
      - all domestic animal sp. affected
      - gross: testes small and firm
      - semen watery with few/no spermatids
  - - - systemic causes
        
        thermal degener: fever, scrotal fat, high environ temp
        
        poor nutrition: low energy, protein, Vit A, phosphorus
        
        noxious agents: chemicals (naphthalene), radiation, plants
        
        age - hyaline degener of arterial walls
        
        hormonal: pituitary tumor, estrogen in feed
        
        diabetes
      - gross: smaller and softer, cut surface does not bulge; end stage = fibrosis
      - micro: degener c and phagocytic giant c
    - - local causes
        
        tumor, abscess, vascular injury (strongyle larvae in horses)
        
        human intervention - castration
  - - - most caused by bact infec (hematogenous)
        
        bulls: Brucella abortus
        
        dogs: E. coli
        
        stallions: Strep equi
        
        boars: Brucella suis, A. pyogenes
  - - - seminoma - spermatic germinal epith
        
        non-func
        
        starts intratubular and brks to surr stroma
        
        origin: spermatogonia
        
        gross: gray-white on cut
        
        second most common testicular tumor of dog
      - teratoma
        
        cryptorchidic testis
        
        3 germ layers: ecto, endo, mesoderm
        
        most common testicular tumor in horses
      - Sertoli c
        
        less common than other testicular tumors
        
        can grow to large size in cryptorchid testicle
        
        supporting c of seminiferous tubule
        
        Func! estrogen-producing
        
        gynecomastia
        
        atrophy contralateral testes
        
        hyperpigmentation (50%)
        
        bone marrow depression
        
        symm alopecia
        
        feminization of male = reduced libido
      - interstitial c
        
        pre-neoplastic change = nodular hyperplasia
        
        gross: yellow-orange, well demarc, incidental
        
        not functionally active - no androgen produc
        
        most common testicular tumor of dog
- - - - transmissible venereal tumor
        
        intact tumor cells transmitted by breed
        
        NOT viral
      - preputial tumors
        
        mast cell
        
        melanoma
    - - differen: granulation tis from injury
      - may metastasize to inguinal LN
      - locally invasive
    - - young bulls 1-2 yo
      - bovine papillomavirus-1
        
        vaginal fibropapilloma
      - cauliflower-like
  - - - IBR
    - - abortion
    - - lymphocytic nodules
      - old dogs - exudate drip from prepuce
    - - paraphimosis: protruding prepuce cannot retract from stenotic prepuce
      - phymosis: penis cannot protrude thru stenotic prepuce
      - impt cause of stenosis of prepuce
    - - inflamm of glans
    - - inflamm of prepuce
  - - - hematoma surr tis (dorsal aspect of penis)
  - - - edema, inflamm
  - - - persis: deviation of penis at breeding
      - normal: separate at puberty
- - - - congenital
      - acquired
        
        trauma
    - - typ sterile
  - - - Brucella
      - Canine distemper
    - - infertility
      - testicular degener
      - spermatic granuloma
- - - - suppurative
  - - - castration and senility
    - - clinical signs: constipation, normal urination
      - 60% intact M dog >5 yo
      - etiology: hormonal imbal
      - 4-5 yrs of age
      - estrogen: Sertoli cell tumor or exogenous
      - gross: enlarged soft, fluctuant mass
      - micro: papillary protrusion into lumen and cyst
    - - typ suppurative, may lead to abscess
      - Brucellosis in bulls, boars, dogs
      - extension from UTI
      - infec as sequela from hyperplasia in old dogs
    - - metastasis to regional LN
      - gross: firm (rectal palp), loss of lobulation
      - not as common as hyperplasia
- - - - Strongyle larva in horses
    - - pyrogranulomatous inflamm
    - - Strep and Staph