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Female Repro Path - Coggle Diagram

- - - - M: Wolffian duct
        
        epididymis, deferent duct and glands
      - F: Mullerian duct
        
        uterus, cervix, Cr vagina
  - - - 1 ovary + 1 testis
      - 2 ovotestes
  - - - fusion of placental circu (anastomosis)
      - M horm act in sex dev of F
      - morph change in F repro tract
  - - - hereditary
      - M testis w/ external F tract (vagina + enlg clitoris or vestibular penis)
    - - Persistent Mullerian duct synd
        
        M testis - uterus, cervix, Cr vagina
        
        Cryptorchidism
- - - - mares: anovulatory follicles (fall)
        
        seasonal anestrus
    - - cows: manual enucleation of CL
  - - - around the ovaries
      - incidental
    - - anastomosis rete ovarii
      - compression ovarian cortex
    - - lg flu filled cysts on ovaries
      - failure of mature follicle to ovulate
      - inadeq release of LH
      - hvy prod dairy cow in winter (postpartum)
      - maj of cows in anestrus
      - can be func (estrogenism, constant heat)
      - gross
        
        ovary: lg thin walled, fl filled cyst 1+ in dia; 1 or both ovaries
        
        vulva: enlg and edematous, inc mucus secre; mounting
      - by sp
        
        sows
        
        multiples - irregular cycles
        
        mare: cysts can dev during winter anestrus
        
        dogs and cats
        
        old age
        
        estrogenism: swollen vulva, mammary hyperplasia
    - - insuffic or delayed release of LH during estrus
      - failure of mature follicle to ovulate but partial luteinization
      - can be func and produce progesterone - anestrus
      - gross: luteal tis around periph and lack of ovulation papilla
      - *cystic CL: ovulation papilla and elliptical in cross section
      - dogs and cats
        
        retained CL
        
        anestrus
        
        interaction of progesterone and estrogen = cystic endometrial hyperplasia w/ excessive mucus secr = pyometra
  - - - cystadenomas and carcinomas
    - - granulosa-theca c tumor
        
        often func - secre estrogen and progesterone (luteal c)
        
        mare: anestrus (testosterone-prod) or cont estrus
        
        cow: prolonged estrus
        
        bitch: cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra
    - - dysgerminoma and teratoma
- - - - preg uterus - cow
      - 90 degrees: subclin
      - 180: dystocia
      - greater > 180
        
        circu injuries
        
        conges, edema, hemorrhage, necrosis
        
        fetal death
        
        rupture
    - - uterus, cervix, and/or vagina turned inside out
      - conditions assoc
        
        uterine hypotony
        
        hypocalcemia (postpartum)
        
        dystocia
        
        retained placenta
      - sequela: conges, edema, hemorrhage, necrosis
  - - - dogs/cats - estrogen coupled w/ prolonged progesteronism
      - other sp - prolonged estrogenism
        
        endogenous: active tumors
        
        exogenous: certain plants (subterranean clover), iatrogenic
      - sequela: hydrometra, pyometra (CEH-pyo synd)
    - - loss of ovarian func
      - senility, ovariectomy, mare during winter (anestrus)
    - - in-growth of endometrium into myometrium
    - - endometrium loc outside uterus
      - *only in primates - menstrual cycle
  - - - transient, primary stage
    - - all uterine layers affected
    - - suppur infec
        
        accum of pus in uterine lumen - closed cervix
      - cow
        
        pre-existing uterine infec (postpartum or post breeding)
        
        reduc endometrial produc of luteolytic factor PGF2a
        
        retention of CL - progesterone produc
        
        cervix partially closed
        
        NOT life threatening but intervention reqd
      - mare
        
        typ postpartum
        
        most cont cycling
        
        horm imbal do not seem to be impt
        
        sequela (rare)
        
        prolonged cycles (delayed/inadeq PGF2a)
        
        sys dz (anemia)
      - dog
        
        few wks after estrus in non-bred bitches >6 yo
        
        func CL - progesterone produc
        
        CEH - inc secre of endometrial gl
        
        may or may not have vaginal discharge
        
        sequela - intermittent bacteremia
        
        elev WBCs
        
        Ag-Ab complex - membranoprolif glomerulopathy
        
        toxemia - death
        
        cervix closed/partially closed
    - - self-lim and subclin infec
    - - uterine motil, inc migr of neutros
    - - inc secre, inhib of lymphos prolif
  - - - favorable environ for bact growth
    - - dystocia, retained placenta, abortion
    - - septicemia
      - salpingitis
      - pyelo
      - spont recovery
- - - - losses in 1st trimester
      - embryo degener, resorp, or discharge
      - etiology poorly understood
        
        chromo abnorm - least common?
        
        mild infect (Campy, BVD, PPV)
      - irreg estrus cycles (or delay)
    - - fetus: 2nd or 3rd trimester - skel ossif
      - abortion: expulsion of fetus prior to expected viability
      - stillbirth: dead fetus delivered w/in time of expected viability
      - uniparous sp: incomplete resorp or abortion
      - multiparous sp: abortion - fetal death at same time
        
        few mummif - deliver viable and mummif
      - classif
        
        mummif
        
        in uterus dessic of dead fetus
        
        common in pigs and cows
        
        bact infec not present
        
        maceration
        
        in utero putrefaction of dead fetus (purulent infec)
        
        req infec (endometritis) - opened cervix
        
        bov: Campy fetus and Trichomonas fetus
        
        fetal emphysema
        
        in utero putrefaction of dead fetus (gas forming bact)
        
        precursors: dystocia and incomplete abortion
        
        Clostridia and E coli
  - - - dev of intercotyledonary placentation to compensate inadeq # and size of placentomes
      - etiology: previous infec (endometritis or metritis)
      - sequela: preg insecure - abortion or hydrallantois
    - - excessive fl and edema in fetal memb
      - sequela: dystocia, retained placenta, metritis
    - - squamous epith on internal surf of amnion
      - commonly mistaken for placental lesions
    - - thin fl filled cysts in serosal surf of uterus
      - occurs during involution of uterus
      - incidental finding when spay dog
  - - - maj do not show gross or histo lesions
      - liver - mutlifocal necrosis
        
        IBR: cattle
        
        equine rhinopneumonitis: equine
        
        pseudorabies virus: swine
    - - placentitis and bronchopneumonia
      - liver - multifocal necrosis
        
        Campy fetus, L. monocytogenes, Brucella sp, Trueperella pyogenes
    - - placenta - necrosis and placentitis
      - skin - multifocal dermatitis
      - lung - bronchopneumonia
    - - non-suppur - myocarditis and encephalitis
      - histo ID of parasite (IHC)
      - Toxoplasma gondii: sheep
        
        placental necrosis and mineraliz
      - Neospora caninum: cow
- - - - obstruction
        
        dev abnorm - segmental aplasia
        
        trauma - rectal palpation
- - - - stenosis
        
        fusion across epith surf and scarif
        
        after injury - trauma and/or chronic inflamm
        
        sequela: dystocia and infertlity
      - cervicitis
        
        extension of endometritis and vaginitis
  - - - rupture
        
        parturient injuries - fetal pressure
      - prolapse
        
        usually late gestation
        
        fetal pressure and wt
        
        urinary bladder may be trapped in vaginal prolapse
    - - estrogenic stimulation
        
        prolif and matur of stratified squamous epith
        
        more resis to infec
        
        thickening of keratinized epith
        
        local produc of lactic acid = low pH
      - in swine
        
        gilts fed corn diet contamin w/ Fusarium spp producing mycotoxin - zearalenone
        
        clinical presentation: tumefaction, hyperemia, edema
      - necrotic vaginitis
        
        trauma due to injury (parturition)
        
        Porphyromonas sp, Trueperella pyogenes, Enterobacteriaciae
      - infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (cattle)
        
        BHV
        
        respir form - rhinotracheitis
        
        rapid spread: contact or breeding (male: balanoposthitis)
        
        incub 1-3 d
        
        transient 1-2 wks
        
        clinical present: early fever, swollen vulva and vagina, ulceration of mucosa
        
        histopath: intranuclear inclusion bodies in epith
    - - cervix
        
        not common in vet med
      - vagina
        
        squamous cell carcinoma
        
        mare and cow
        
        excessive UV exposure on nonpigmented skin
        
        fibropapilloma
        
        of vulva in cow
        
        most common tumor of bovine vulva
        
        bovine papillomavirus-1
        
        rounded growth w/ papillary appearance
        
        spreading by breeding - bull w/ penile fibropapilloma
        
        spont regression 1-6 mo
        
        leiomyoma (smooth musc)
        
        most common genital tumor of bitch
        
        benign prolif of smooth musc c: uterus, cervix, vagina
        
        estrogen related (horm dep) - ovarian cysts or tumor
        
        spaying reduces tumor size and risk of recurrence
        
        gross: noninvasive but can be lg
        
        firm (fibrous) projections into lumen as polyps
        
        transmissible venereal tumor
        
        intact cells transmitted at breeding - NOT virus assoc
        
        worldwide distrib
        
        tumor c: abnorm karytype (59 chrom) - norm c (78 chrom)
        
        self-lim (6 mo)
        
        local invasive (regional LN): deform and debil
        
        more severe in immunosupp ani
        
        gross: nodular masses arising from subQ tis of genitalia
        
        micro: sheets of rounded c - many mitotic figures
      - uterus
        
        carcinoma - rabbit
        
        lymphosarcoma - cow