C1 knowledge organiser
States of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
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Strong forces of attraction
Particles don’t move
Particles vibrate
Weaker force of attraction than solids
Particles are moving randomly but near each other
No force of attraction
Particles move randomly
Changes of state
Solid-Liquid: Particles gain more energy and vibrate more, At melting point the particles break free.
Liquid-Gas: Particles gain even more energy. At boiling point the particles break free.
Solid-Gas: Sublimation. Solid changes straight to a gas
Endothermic
Exothermic
A exothermic reaction GIVES OUT energy to the surroundings. Resulting in a rise of the temperature of the surroundings
A endothermic reaction TAKES IN energy from the surrounding. Resulting in a fall in the temperature of the surroundings.
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Evolution of the atmosphere
Phase 1) Volcanoes gave out gases
Phase 2) Oceans and plants started absorbing carbon dioxide
Phase 3) Plants and algae started producing oxygen via photosynthesis
Evidence for this would be that only some rock formations with iron form only when there’s little oxygen.
Combustion
Complete
Complete Combustion: Hydrocarbons burn in plentiful amounts of oxygen. Carbon Dioxide and Water are formed.
Incomplete
ncomplete Combustion: Hydrocarbons burn in limited amounts of oxygen. Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Particulates and Water are formed
Climate change
Greenhouse gases such as CO2, H20 and Methane create an insulating layer. By burning more fossil fuels increases the concentration of CO2
Plum pudding model
THe plum pudding model was not hollow