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Theme 13 - MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT - Coggle Diagram
Theme 13 - MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE
NATIONALIST MOVEMENT
1. A Leader Announces Himself
January 1915
, M.K.Gandhi
returned
from S.Africa.
February 1916
, Historic
speech @ BHU
(Banaras Hindu University)
"Pal, Lal, Bal"
Bal Gangadhar Tilak (Maharashtra)
Lala Lajpat Rai (Punjab)
Bipin Chandra Pal (West Bengal)
Travelled to London after Gopala Krishna Gokhale's advice.
2. The Making and Unmaking of Non-cooperation
2.1 Knitting a popular movement
Non-cooperation
with lots of strikes, not paying taxes etc incurred a huge loss and problems for British.
Khilafat movement
support in order to unite Hindu-Muslim communities to fight the British.
Sentences to jail for 6 years
At this time Gandhi was already seen as a national leader.
2.2 A people’s leader
He was a genuine people leader
dressed
like a normal peasant beside being a lawyer.
spoke in the
local language
and dis not use English.
Always had
empathy
for the poor and oppressed.
Became a
mass leader
wherever he goes.
People started to
donate money
by having trust on him.
So many
rumours
were spread
He was a saviour sent by the King
He has more power than the colonial empire.
People lost money and crops when they opposed him.
Many
industrialists
have supported him (eg) G.D.Birla. Many supported in the background.
So many
influential people
like Nehru, Rajaji, Kriplani, Vallabai patel, Subash Chandra Bose, Sarojini Naidu followed him and helped him in influencing people around their regions.
Spinning
allowed him to symbolise the idea to be
self reliant
and by not relying on the mill made cotton clothes.
2.0
Champaran
Indigo farmers problems
Champaran, Ahmedabad, Kheda
local issues gained a national importance.
Rowlette Act
-> Bandh --> Protests
Jallianwala Bagh
massacre.
3. The Salt Satyagraha - A Case Study
3.1 Dandi
The Local colonial administrators did not believe that the Dandi yatra wil gain such a massive mass.
The
Time magazine
first thought that he himself will not be able to reach the seas physically.
He started from his Ashram on
12th March 1930
and reached Dandi 3 weeks later.
In
Wasna
, he gave a speech to the
upper caste
people about
untouchability
.
He used the
Christian act
to the people who believed in Christianity.
He tried to pull masses into the freedom fight by using this opportunity.
Many parallel marches were happening along with this.
Over
60,000 people were detained
along with him.
3.2 Dialogues
Salt march was notable for 3 reasons:-
First
, It attracted the world attention through
American and European Press.
Second
, It was the first freedom movement where the
women
were participating in a majority. (Eg)
Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
Third
, This was the one which forced the British about the realisation that their Raj would not last longer.
First Round table conference
was held on
November 1930
in London when Gandhi was in jail.
He was
released on January 1931
and attended the
second round table conference
representing the congress.
This was opposed by the Muslim league and the princes.
Gandhi-Irwin pact
was signed by terms that the civil-disobedience would be called off and all prisoners be released, salt manufacture was allowed at the coast.
This was strongly criticised that Gandhi was able to get the assurance for full freedom.
In
1935
,
the Government of India Act
was passed and some administrative powers were given to Indians.
Congress won 8/11 provinces in the election which were held.
The second world war
broke out in
1939
and the Congress was critical about Hitler.
They tried to strike a deal with British about the support in war in return of freedom assurance.
This was a failure and the congress ministry resigned under the British governor.
Meanwhile the
muslim league passed a resolution in 1940
demanding
autonomy
for muslim areas.
Now the struggle became trilateral with Muslim league, congress and British.
Winston Churchill
persuaded to send one of his ministers
Stafford Cripps
for talks, but it was
not successive.
3.0
1928
, All-india campaign against the
all-white simon commission
.
December 1929
,
J.Nehru
appointed as
congress chief
26th January 1930
, India celebrated the
Independence day.
4. Quit India
After the
failure of Cripps Mission
, in
August 1942
, Gandhi announced the
Quit India Movement
as a mass movement.
Meanwhile Jinnah was patiently expanding his support for his party.
Even though Gandhi was jailed, the protests and the bandh were taken care by the local leaders like
Jaiprakash Narayan
.
Gandhi had a series of meetings with Jinnah after his release on January 1944 but could not succeed.
The was ended in 1944 and the labour government led by
Clement Atlee came to power in 1945
The general election on 1946 was swept by Congress but the Muslim league has also won a considerable seats in the Muslim dominated areas
Jinnah announced the
Direct Action Day on 16th August 1946
which encountered a bloody riot in Calcutta, Bihar, Bengal then continued to the Sind, Punjab.
in February 1947, Wavell replaced Mountbatten as the new viceroy and the divided independence was given on 15th August 1947.
The independence was celebrated with huge crowd hailing gandhiji as father of the nation.
5. The Last Heroic Days
Gandhi did not participate in any of the festive celebrations in Delhi
on 15th August 1947
but he
was in Calcutta attending a 24 hour fasting.
He was not happy with the dividing of then country by Hindus and Muslims.
Later on
30th January
, he was
shot dead
by a Brahmin
Nathuram Godse
during his routine evening prayer.
Godse was an editor of extremist Hindu newspaper who portrayed Gandhi as
"Appeaser of muslims"
6. Knowing Gandhi
6.1 Public voice and private scripts
6.2 Framing a picture
6.3 Through police eyes
6.4 From newspapers