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MODULE 5: Natural resource management - Coggle Diagram
MODULE 5: Natural resource management
Part A: Sustainability of critical resources
Energy
Non-renewable (fossil):
Oil - peak oil
Coal - CO2
Natural gas
Summary
Renewable:
Hydro
Wind
Solar
Biofuels/ Biomas
Geothermal
Tidal
Hydrogen
Summary
Food
Situation
Poorly distributed
multiple issues
Accountant role
Fish stock
Climate change
Government, market
and nature forces
Stakeholder contribution
and value (Table 5.1)
Subsidy outcomes and distortions
Outsourcing food production
Climate change Policies and Food production
Effect on organisation
and accountant
For food producers and other companies
Role of accountants
Water
Sources, uses and issues
Solution for water
sustainability
Reduce
Specialise
Capture and recycle
Meeting demand
Reorganising global trade (outsourcing)
Actions by accountant
and companies
Biodiversity
Issues
Biodiversity effect of various sectors
(Table 5.3 page 330)
Responses to biodiversity
depletion
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Sustainability
Innovation
Reducing pollutants (e.g. plastic)
Reducing waste
Reusing
Recycling
Sustainability marketing
More efficient products
Part B: Carbon regulation
and pricing
Climate change
Regulatory position
of Governments
Carbon tax
Emission trading scheme (ETS)
Effects to businesses
Effects:
Early adoption - competitive edge
Different effects to different companies
Pressure for top emitting companies
Cost of capital and labor
Actions by accountants and organisations:
Climate - related risk and potential financial impact
(Table 5.4 page 352
Climate -related opportunities and potential financial impact
Part C: Accounting for natural resources
Physical accounting
Management accounting
and environment
EMA
Physical environment management accounting (PEMA)
Monetary environment management accounting (MEMA)
Managing environmental costs
Implementing an environmental accounting system
(Figure 5.15 page 363)
Environmental costs and revenue
Balanced scorecard
Adding environmental
perspective/ measures
Downsides
Non - financial reporting
framework
Sustainability reporting
GRI
CDP
Water accounting
Natural capital
Integrated reporting (IR)
Definition:
Linking different reports
Holistic management
Global application
IR Framework
6 capitals
Value creation
Business models
7 guiding principles
Content
8 contents
5 themes
Differences from traditional reports
Verification and
assurance