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The Big Five, self-esteem, and narcissism as predictors of the topics …

- - - - More likely to see the advantages to self-disclosing on Facebook rather than in person,
      - Their status updates tend to express more negative and less positive affect, they tend to be perceived as less likeable (Forest & Wood, 2012).
    - - Narcissistic individuals tend to be self-aggrandizing, vain, and exhibitionistic (Raskin & Terry, 1988).
      - They seek attention and admiration by boasting about their accomplishments (Buss & Chiodo, 1991) and take particular care of their physical appearance (Vazire, Naumann, Rentfrow, & Gosling, 2008)
    - - Individuals vary in terms of extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientious (Costa & McCrae, 1992)
      - Neurotic individuals may use Facebook to seek the attention and social support that may be missing from their lives offline (Ross et al., 2009)
      - People who are high in openness tend to be creative, intellectual, and curious - associated with updating about intellectual topics (sharing information).
      - People who are high in openness tend to be cooperative, helpful, and interpersonally successful - by communication in Facebook for sharing information.
      - Conscientiousness describes people who are organized, responsible, and hard-working - less likely to post on Facebook.
    - - People with lower self-esteem tend to receive fewer likes and comments because of their status updates express more negative affect (Forest & Wood, 2012)
- - - - Participants reported their number of Facebook friends
      - How many days of the week they check Facebook (0–7 days)
      - How much time they spend actively using it on days they check it
      - How frequently they update their Facebook status (1 = Never, 9 = 7–10 times a day).
    - - Participants indicated how frequently they write about 20 topics in their Facebook status updates (i.e., verbal descriptions of their status excluding photos, videos, or emoticons).
    - - Measures 3 components of trait narcissism; need for leadership/authority, grandiose exhibitionism, and entitlement/exploitativeness
      - The 13-item version of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-13; Gentile et al., 2013) is derived from the original NPI-40 (Raskin & Terry, 1998)
      - Items rated on a forced-choice basis (> scores = > narcissism)
    - - Measured four motives for using Facebook by adapting items from a variety of sources (e.g., Hughes et al., 2012; Seidman, 2013)
    - - Measures self-esteem
      - Items such as ‘‘I feel that I have a number
        of good qualities’’ (1 = Strongly disagree, 5 = Strongly agree).
      - The 10-item Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965)
    - - Participants indicated how many likes and comments, on average, they tend to receive when they post a typical Facebook status updates.
    - - Measures extroversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
      - 7 items each (1 = Strongly disagree, 5 = Strongly agree).
      - The 35-item Berkeley Personality Profile (Harary & Donahue,1994).
- - - - Not supported
        
        Narcissism rather than self-esteem was associated with receiving a greater number of likes and comments to one's updates.
  - - - Narcissists, in particular, may not accurately report the number of likes and comments they receive to updates.
      - More objective and precise estimates can be obtained in future research by coding participants’ actual status updates for topic themes and recording the number of likes and comments received to each topic.
  - - - No support
      - Aggreeableness was not associated with updating more frequently about social activities, significant relationships, or with using Facebook to communicate.
    - - Contrary
      - Conscientious was not associated with updating about "safe" topics such as social activities and everyday life
      - It was associated with writing more frequent updates about one's children.
    - - Consistent
      - Positively associated with updating about intellectual topics, and with using Facebook for information.
    - - Consistent
      - people who were lower in self-esteem more frequently updated about their current romantic partner
      - But they were more likely to use Facebook for self-expression rather than for validation.
      - That the frequency of updating about one’s romantic partner was predicted not by the use of Facebook for self-expression but rather by communication.
    - - Neuroticism was not associated with updating about any of the six topics topics or with using Facebook for self-expression, but it was associated with using Facebook for validation.
      - Partially supported
    - - Supported
      - Narcissism was positively associated with updating about achievements and with using Facebook for validation.
    - - Extraversion was positively associated with updating more frequently about social activities and everyday life, and with using Facebook to communicate.
      - Supported