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Chapter Nine - Coggle Diagram
Chapter Nine
Racism
During this time, blackface was very prominent. They used satire to exaggerate facial features and dialect associated with African Americans.
Science at the time said that African Americans were the missing link in evolution between white men and orangutans (p. 200)
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Churches preached that all African Americans were doomed to hell because they could not comprehend eternal damnation.
Some people believed that the constitution didn't include people who weren't white and therefore actually prevented freeing slaves.
Hartford's black congregationalist church remained unrecognized by Hartford North Consociation of Congregational minsters even though they had a white pastor.
Hartford was a hard place to live safely as an African American because they were pelted with stones while just walking.
Connecticut had the largest number of riots per capita than any other state and they would involve mobs of white people burning down black owned establishments such as businesses, churches and homes. Abolitionists were murdered for their beliefs.
Prudence Crandall
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Connecticut adopted a law that said you couldn't have a school for instructing POC nor board them. Crandall and a pupil of hers were arrested.
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This led to the first ever legal statement that POC were not American citizens. And educating POC students from out of state was a crime.
Gallaudet
Gallaudet sometimes subbed for pastors that couldn't make it in congregational churches. He did so once at a "colored congregational" but his diary entry regarding it was very short.
Despite all of Gallaudet's academic activism, he never paid attention to the schools for African Americans.
Gallaudet was anti-abolitionist. He even blamed abolitionists for giving black Americans the idea that they were equal and should be treated as such.
An abolitionist by the name of William Lloyd Garrison met Gallaudet after a lecture with no riots and Gallaudet refused to speak to him.
During all of the rioting, Gallaudet was ignoring the mods and addressing the idea of deporting all of the African Americans to Liberia where the ACS could "manage" them.
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Talcott St. Church
In October, a mob of white men stormed the church during worship. They broke windows and drove away congregants.
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In January, a man was attacked while leaving the church and this led to three days of rioting.
Over the next two years, church members were attacked at least three times.
On June 9th, a mob of white men gathered here and harrassed passers by and members of the church. A black man went home and got a loaded gun and shot into the crowd, harming one of the white men. He was arrested and the mob demolished his house. Two more houses were destroyed the following days. No arrests made after this.
Prince Ibrahima
Muslim prince who was ambushed and sold into slavery. Ended up on a mississippi cotton plantation. He was recognized decades later.
This drew the attention of the newspapers and a boston merchant arranged to purchase the prince. Gallaudet, the ACS and the merchant bonded together to send him to Liberia.
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Gallaudet knew this but the ACS spoke about him being converted in order to maintain fundraising. They said he was kept in slavery until he was fully converted.
Ibrahima and his wife eventually sailed to Liberia in 1829, their children and grandchildren left behind in slavery. Ibrahima died upon arriving in Liberia.
The Asylum
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Likely they were all mixed race and ignored as if they didn't go there. They sat in the back. fed in the kitchen. and lodged with the servants.
There was so much silence surrounding the school that we don't have musch doccumented history about these students.
Slavery
People in connecticut actually "forgot" slavery was a thing as emancipation laws freed most. Some people were just ignorant to the fact it happened.
A man by the name of James Mar wrote an autobiography about being the last slave sold in connecticut because so many people denied it ever existed.
Those who did recall slavery and admit that it happened romanticized it as if they were doing them a favor.
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Positives of the time
Hartford's small black community was thriving despite all of the discrimination. They were forming their own clubs and businesses.
James W.C Pennington was president of the all-black Connecticut State Temperance and Moral Reform Society. He told a church in London that he had never preached in front of a white church because no one dared to invite him in Hartford. This embarrassed the Hartford Clergy and they began to invite him and he was even elected to a moderator of the Hartford Central Association of Congressional ministers in 1848.