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Imperial Presidents - Coggle Diagram

- - - - No more expansion by force. Spread peace and democracy. Other nations should be self-governing. Maintained military presence in Latin America.
    - - Also involved with...
        
        Dominican Republic
        
        Puerto Rico
        
        Jones-Shafroth Act (1917): gave Puerto Ricans more citizenship rights and increased control over their government.
      - Mexico
        
        Americans owned large portions of Mexico's industries under dictator Porfirio Díaz.
        
        1911 Mexican Revolution places Francisco Madero in power.
        
        1913 execution of Madero places General Victoriano Huerta in power. Huerta said he would protect American investments but Wilson rejected Huerta's government on moral grounds.
        
        Sent marines to Mexico in 1914 to topple Huerta's government and bring Venustiano Carranza to power.
        
        Rebels led by Francisco "Pancho" Villa take over after Americans pull support in 1916. Villa kills several Americans during a raid. Wilson fails to capture Villa and withdraws troops in 1917 to focus on WWI.
      - Haiti
        
        Made Haiti agree to give U.S. control over its financial and foreign affairs.
        
        Sent marines to Haiti in 1915 to protect American investments and prevent German/French aggression.
- - - - Spain
        
        McKinley warned the Spanish to end fighting with Cuban rebels or America would intervene.
        
        The Spanish and Cubans did not negotiate successfuly and McKinley sent the USS Maine to protect Americans in Cuba.
        
        The USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbor. An investigation of the cause of the explosion concluded that it was a mine that had destroyed the battleship.
        
        Explosion of the USS Maine
        
        The Spanish-American War began in 1898. At the time, America did not plan to annex Cuba.
      - Philippines
        
        American forces led by Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish navy while Filipino nationalists led by Emilio Aguinaldo defeated the Spanish army.
        
        America acquired the Philippines by purchasing it from Spain in the Treaty of Paris.
      - Also involved with...
        
        Cuba
        
        American forces defeated the Spanish fleet as it tried to flee, forcing Spanish forces in Cuba to surrender.
        
        Guam
        
        Became a U.S. territory along with Puerto Rico in the Treaty of Paris.
        
        Puerto Rico
    - - America's responsibility to civilize weaker nations. Wanted to expand America's influence and trade with other nations.
    - - Every country has equal privileges regarding trade with China. Wanted to expand American trade into foreign markets.
- - - - Panama
        
        Panama declared independence from Colombia with American support.
        
        Gave America control of the Canal in exchange for a lump sum and annual rent.
      - Also involved with...
        
        Colombia
        
        Wanted to create the Panama Canal, a passage from the Caribbean Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, to improve protection and expand trade.
        
        America bought the Panama route in 1903.
        
        Colombia controlled Panama and wanted America to pay more than expected to purchase the land needed to build the Canal.
        
        Sent warships to support Panamanian rebellion against Colombia.
        
        Panama Canal
        
        Puerto Rico
        
        Puerto was under American control after the Spanish-American War.
        
        Cuba
        
        American Army withdrew in 1902 after negotiating a treaty with Cuba.
        
        Platt Amendment: added to Cuban constitution, restricted Cubans' rights and ensured American influence/control.
      - Japan
        
        Convinced Russia and Japan to sign a peace treaty, ending the Russo-Japanese War.
        
        Gentlemen's Agreement: San Francisco School Board ended segregation policy that discriminated against Japanese children (and other Asian children) and Japan limited emigration to America.
    - - Use the military to achieve goals. America's responsibility to civilize weaker nations. Nations should not be self-governing.
        
        "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far"
- - - - Expand American trade through foreign policy. Increase American influence through investments in foreign economies.
        
        Substitute "dollars for bullets"
    - - China
      - Nicaragua
        
        Sent military to Nicaragua in 1909 and 1912 to protect the pro-American government
      - Also involved with...
        
        Chile
        
        Mining operations
        
        Mexico
        
        Oil operations
        
        Venezuela
        
        Oil operations