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Imperial Presidents P.3, Dollar Diplomacy, Open Door Policy, Big Stick…
Imperial Presidents P.3
Theodore Roosevelt
Big Stick Diplomacy
Panama Canal
Created a passage from the Caribbean Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through Central America in order to control the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, increase protection of America's new territory, and make overseas shipping more easy and cheap. In addition, the route was bought for $40 million
The map shows the previous overseas trading route in red and the much more efficient and shorter trading route in blue, which is the Panama Route. It goes through multiple lands, which called for the creation of the Panama Canal
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Roosevelt Corollary
Freed Western Hemisphere from European intervention (basically the Monroe Doctrine). Also policed Latin American countries that did chonic wrongdoings.
Latin American Countries resented being policed and restored order to by another country as if they were a child. Roosevelt did not want nations to self-govern
William McKinley
Spanish-American War
This was caused because the U.S. supported Cuba's fight for their independence and because most Americans assumed the explosion of the USS Maine was caused by Spain, which ultimately led the U.S. and Spain to fight. Surprisingly, the Americans won with no naval deaths and had killed 400 Spanish Sailors from destroying the Spanish force ships. This resulted in the 1989 Treaty of Paris.
The Treaty of Paris allowed the U.S. to have Cuba, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Additionally, the U.S. could buy the Philippines from Spain for $20 million.
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Boxer Rebellion
A secret society of Chinese people who learned martial arts and partaked in traditional Chinese customs was called “Boxers” by foreigners.
The people of the secret society soon became angry with the American foreigners who were taking more of their culture away from them, attempting to convert them to Christianity, and simply wanted to rid of foreign influence. The Boxer Rebellion killed foreign missionaries and had to be put down by European, American, and Japanese troops. The Chinese government had to pay for destruction caused by the rebellion.
Open Door Policy
America wanted to freely and have equal privileges concerning trade with China as other countries. This was because McKinley wanted to bring more foreign markets in order to help more American businesses survive and contribute to the economy
William Howard Taft
Dollar Diplomacy
Influence
Taft increased American investments in businesses and banks throughout Central America and the Caribbean in order to increase American influence.
He also expanded American business interests in Latin America in order to make sure it is stable and to once again increase American influence by investing in foreign economies.
Expanding American Trade
Taft maintained the Open Door Policy in order to keep providing economic opportunities for businesses to buy and trade products.
Woodrow Wilson
Moral Diplomacy
Peace, not Expansionism
Despite promising he would never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest, Wilson still sought out territory through other indirect means, such as using military force to control a nation and controlling the economy of an entire country.
Self-governing Nations
Unlike Theodore Roosevelt, Wilson wanted nations to govern themselves, however, he ended up taking control of the Haiti's financial and foreign affairs, ultimately not allowing Haiti to self-govern itself. Although, Wilson did try to let Mexico govern itself whilst also giving it support.
Consistently keeping up with his moral diplomacy expectations was never possible, for someone who truly wants to promote human rights, national integrity, and opportunity would do everything they can to ensure they are not a hindrance to anyone or any nation. And despite wanting peace, he had initiated war and usually intervened in other country's business, like the Dominican Republic and of course Mexico.
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Open Door Policy
McKinley was mostly involved with China and the Philippines. In addition, he acquired the Philippines, Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Hawaii territory
McKinley wanted to remain in control of the Philippines because he said they were incapable of ruling themselves and would be dominated by another country if the U.S. gave them up. This caused the Filipino nationalist leader Emilio Aguinaldo, who fought with the U.S. during the Spanish-American war, to form a rebellion against the U.S. The Filipinos wanted to self-govern their country and opposed U.S. rule. American General Jacob Smith ordered his soldiers to kill every Filipino mercilessly. The Filipinos used guerrilla warfare tactics that were effective. In the end, the Americans lost 5,000 people while the Filipinos lost a devastating amount of 200,000 people
China
Guam
Cuba
Puerto Rico
Hawaii
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This was inspired by an African saying, "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far." To Roosevelt, this meant that having a visible peaceful and negotiable voice along with an unspoken military force that was still visible to others would allow for negotiations to result in the U.S.'s favor.
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