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Imperial Presidents, (Arnold, P., Peri E. Arnold Professor of Political…

- - - - Roosevelt answered the outcries to segregate asian children in San Francisco schools by negotiating a Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan.
        
        The Gentlemen's Agreement stated that America would stop asian segregation if Japan would limit the emigration rates of their citizens.
    - - Taft needed Colombia's consent to purchase the Panama Canal, and so Taft supported Panama's rebellion in order for them to achieve Independence.
    - - Panama declared Independence from Colombia. This allowed Taft to proceed with his Panama Canal purchase,
  - - - The Big Stick Diplomacy was based on the victory fo the Spanish-American War.
        
        It was also based on the moral belief that the U.S. was responsible to civilize weaker nations
        
        The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine. It justified U.S. expansion and influence in the Western Hemisphere.
    - - "Great White Fleet"
        
        Navy Battleships cruising across the world to show off America's advancements in military
        
        The finishing of the Panama Canal in 1914 purchased when Taft was president reduced about 8,000 nautical miles from the trip of west coast to east coast.
        
        The Big Stick Diplomacy was successful in that it showed the world the military advancements of America, and how far they have gone. Also, they were able to peacefully negotiate and have a defense if things went wrong.
- - - - Argued for equal privileges among countries trading with China.
        
        "preserve Chinese territorial and administrative entity" stated by Hay.
        
        America just wanted free trade with China, and to bring businesses to China.
        
        Offered scholarships with the money America received from China to Chinese students studying in America.
        
        Did not want colonies in China.
        
        Strongly believed that trading with China is beneficial to America's economy and is a solution to the economic depression in the 1890s
      - (April 21, 1898 – December 10, 1898)
        
        Spanish-American War
        
        Led the nation to Victory, raised protective tariffs that helped American Industry
        
        Taft attempted to prevent the war by trying to persuade the Spanish Government into adopting a conciliatory policy with the Cuban rebels
        
        April 20, Congress declared war against Spain and won. From the victory America signed the Treaty of Paris which gave America a wide variety of countries including the Philippines.
        
        From the victory, America gained their first oversea empire.
- - - - He was involved with:
        
        Dominican Republic
        
        Mexico
        
        Germany
    - - Peaceful actions. Spread peace and democracy rather than colonizing countries.
        
        Mexico relations
        
        Wilson used the Mexican arrest of American sailors to help Carranza attain power in 1914.
        
        Huerta's government collapsed from this event.
        
        Wilson's Moral Diplomacy was praised as many Mexicans were happy with the collapse of Huerta.
        
        Germany relations
        
        The United States declared war on Germany after deploying troops in Mexico.
        
        Forced Wilson to withdraw troops currently in Mexico
      - Belief of that other nations should be self-governing
      - Wanted to make a friendship with Latin America
      - Still used military in Latin America
      - "never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest" -Woodrow Wilson
      - spread "human rights, national integrity, and opportunity."
- - - - Nicaragua
      - China
      - Mexico
      - Dominican republic
    - - "Increase American investments in businesses and banks throughout Central America and the Caribbean" (Page 228).
        
        Taft dispatched troops to Nicaragua in 1909 and 1912 to protect pro-American government which rebels threatened to take over.
        
        Troops were also deployed in Mexican borders to protect the revolts against U.S. investments.
        
        Taft asked banks to help Honduras with their debt by giving grants or loans.
        
        Revolution was seen in many of the Countries Taft was involved in, and failed to keep economic stability.
      - substitute "dollars for bullets" commented by Taft in 1912
        
        Wanted stability in Latin America
        
        As a result, U.S. Investment in Latin America in the 1930's sky rocketed due to the Dollar Diplomacy
        
        U.S. Exports to Latin America also skyrocketed in 1913 as a result of the Dollar Diplomacy policy
        
        This created an obligation to the United States to hold political and economic stability.
        
        The Policy was known as unsuccesful due to the failure to keep economic stability in the many Countries Taft was involved. Dollar Diplomacy only embarrassed America and angered other nations.
      - The U.S. should expand their foreign market to increase American influence
        
        Taft was seen as Roosevelt's successor in his foreign policy but with less aggression
        
        Taft also wanted to expand American markets to China for economic opportunities
        
        U.S. trade request was declined by China.
        
        Continued to remain Western Hemisphere power through protecting Pro American Beliefs and deploying troops.